PHED 3 Sport Psychology Measuring Anxiety A2 PE PHED 3 Sport Psychology Measuring Anxiety

What do I need to learn?

Different types of anxiety Describe and explain with an example what you understand about cognitive and somatic anxiety? Cognitive refers to psychological aspects eg apprehension and somatic to the body’s physiological responses eg sweating

What is anxiety? A negative aspect of feeling stress Stressor – Any demands that are placed on the performer that initiate stress (leading to a cognitive or somatic response) Eustress – A positive form of stress which provides an adrenalin rush

What is the difference between state and trait anxiety?

Measuring anxiety Method Advantage Disadvantage Physiological methods – Bio feedback Observations Self report questionnaires

Tests – Complete Tests from handouts SCAT STA1 CSAI 2

Stress What is it? Responding to stress Controlling stress Cognitive vs. somatic techniques (complete the worksheet)

Stress management

Example 1 As Rocky’s sport psychologist, how do you propose to help him overcome his anxiety for the fight tomorrow? Here’s what Rocky did…

Rocky Rocky overcame his ‘perceived imbalance between ability and task demands’ (anxiety) by changing his goals. He focused on a performance goal rather than an outcome goal (more on this next week) He also kept things in perspective (he was always a nobody).

Example 2 A golfer has been having problems with his swing. How would you help him to prepare and what would you teach him to do as he has a long putt to win a competition?

Tiger Woods

What did he do?

Goal setting Outcome goals Outcome goals are to do with winning or performing better than someone else. They refer to the desired end result e.g. selected to represent your national team. Performance goals Performance goals can be used to monitor achievement of process goals and progress towards the desired outcome goal. Performance goals encourage the development of mastery and can make a performer feel satisfied with a performance even if they do not win i.e: for a runner this might be a time for a specific distance of 33 minutes for 10km

SMARTER targets Specific - make them as precise and detailed as possible Measurable - a method by which you can quantify or rate your current position and then determine the amount of improvement required Accepted - goals need to be shared and negotiated with all others involved Realistic - the goal is realistic yet challenging Time phased - date is st for when the goal is to be achieved by Exciting - goal motivates the individual Recorded - the goal and progress towards it are recorded

Task Make a SMARTER Target for your own sports performance Make a SMARTER Target for your own academic performance in PE.

Biofeedback Biofeedback is an emerging tool to acquire and facilitate physiological and psychological domains of the human body like response time and concentration. Heart Rate Neurofeedback Electromyography (EMG) Galvanic Skin Response/Skin Temperature

Neurofeedback Neurofeedback is direct training of brain function, by which the brain learns to function more efficiently. We observe the brain in action from moment to moment. We show that information back to the person. And we reward the brain for changing its own activity to more appropriate patterns. This is a gradual learning process. It applies to any aspect of brain function that we can measure. Neurofeedback is also called EEG Biofeedback, because it is based on electrical brain activity, the electroencephalogram, or EEG.

Electromyography (EMG) EMG is a technique for evaluating and recording physiologic properties of muscles at rest and whilst contracting. EMG is a practical tool with which to measure muscle activities in any sort of human movement. It is very important for in-depth analysis of sporting technique, performance improvement, injury prevention and rehab.

Galvanic Skin Response GSR is a method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin, which varies with its moisture level. This is of interest because the sweat glands are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, so skin conductance is used as an indication of psychological or physiological arousal.

What have I learnt so far?