CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1.

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Ch. 1.1 Earth’s Interior.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1

THE SCIENCE OF GEOLOGY GEOLOGY A. TO STUDY THE PROCESSES THAT CREATE EARTH’S FEATURES B. SEARCH FOR CLUES ABOUT EARTH’S HISTORY

A GEOLOGIST AT WORK

STUDYING SURFACE CHANGES CONSTRUCTIVE FORCES BUILD UP SURFACE LANDFORMS DESTRUCTIVE FORCES SLOWLY WEAR AWAY SURFACE LANDFORMS

FINDING INDIRECT EVIDENCE THE EARTH’S CENTER IS OVER 6,000KM . THE DEEPEST MINE IS 3.8KM DEEP SEISMIC WAVES- ALLOW US TO INFER THE INNER STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

A JOURNEY TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH TEMPERATURE- THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF KINETIC ENERGY IN A SUBSTANCE. KINETIC ENERGY - HOW FAST SOMETHING MOVES- THE FASTER IT MOVES THE MORE IT HITS OTHER PARTICLES(FRICTION) EXPANDS- TAKES UP MORE SPACE

TEMPERATURE AS WE PROCEED DEEPER INTO THE EARTH WE FIND THAT THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES AT 20 METERS INTO THE EARTH THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES 1 DEGREE CELSIUS FOR EVERY 40 METERS YOU GO DOWN.

HEAT = KINETIC ENERGY

PRESSURE IS THE FORCE PUSHING ON A SURFACE OR AREA AS WE GO DEEPER INTO THE EARTH THE FORCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE PLUS THE ROCK ABOVE US INCREASES. THE DEEPER – THE MORE ROCK THE GREATER THE PRESSURE

PRESSURE

INSIDE THE EARTH

CRUST THINNEST LAYER 5 – 40 KILOMETERS THICK SOLID OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL CRUST

OCEANIC CRUST OCEANIC CRUST FOUND UNDER THE OCEAN THINNEST PART OF THE CRUST 5 KILOMETERS LAVA COOLED QUICKLY – NO CRYSTALS BASALT VERY DENSE

CONTINENTAL CRUST FOUND UNDER THE CONTINENTS THICKER THAN OCEANIC CRUST 5- 70 KILOMETERS LAVA COOLED SLOWLY – CRYSTALS FORMED GRANITE NOT AS DENSE AS BASALT

MANTLE LARGEST PART OF THE EARTH 3,000 KILOMETERS THICK UPPER LAYER IS SOLID AND VERY SIMILAR TO CRUST LITHOSPHERE- IS MADE UP OF THE CRUST AND THE UPPER (SOLID) PART OF THE MANTLE.

MANTLE THE AESTHENOSPHERE-NEXT LAYER IS SOFT AND VERY HOT THE LITHOSPHERE(CRUST AND UPPER SOLID MANTLE) FLOAT ON THIS LIQUID ROCK

AESTHENOSPHERE

MANTLE UNDER THE LIQUID PART OF THE MANTLE IS SOLID ROCK

CORE OUTER CORE VERY HOT AND A LIQUID MADE OF IRON AND NICKEL

CORE INNER CORE VERY HOT STATE IS SOLID THE CORE MAKES UP 15% OF THE VOLUME OF THE EARTH THE CORE MAKES UP 35% OF THE EARTH’S MASS

EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD CURRENTS IN THE OUTER CORE CAUSE THE INNER CORE TO SPIN. THE INNER CORE SPINS FASTER THAN THE REST F THE EARTH THUS SETTING UP A MAGNETIC FIELD THAT REACHES FROM THE INNER CORE OUT INTO SPACE. WE USE THE MAGNETIC FIELD FOR OUR COMPASSES