Neuroprotection following mild hypothermia after spinal cord ischemia in rats Takeshi Saito, PhD, Shino Saito, MD, Hiroshi Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Masanori.

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Neuroprotection following mild hypothermia after spinal cord ischemia in rats Takeshi Saito, PhD, Shino Saito, MD, Hiroshi Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Masanori Tsuchida, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 57, Issue 1, Pages 173-181 (January 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.101 Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Schematic shows the experimental protocol, including time course of hypothermia. Normothermia and hypothermia: animals receiving spinal cord ischemia with normothermia and hypothermia (1°C decrease), respectively. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 173-181DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.101) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 A, Representative light photomicrographs of Nissl-stained sections in the ventral horn gray matter in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups at 28 days after reperfusion. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, Number of normal motor neurons at 48 hours after reperfusion in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups. The number of normal motor neurons in the ventral part of the gray matter was significantly increased in the hypothermia group compared with the normothermia group (*P<.001) and with the sham group (#P<.001). Data are mean ± standard deviation. Normothermia and hypothermia: animals receiving spinal cord ischemia with normothermia and hypothermia (1°C decrease), respectively. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 173-181DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.101) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 A, Representative light photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections in the ventrolateral white matter in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups at 28 days after reperfusion. Scale bar: 50 μm. B, Percentage area of vacuolation in the white matter at 28 days after reperfusion in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups. The percentage area of vacuolation in the hypothermia group was significantly lower than in the normothermia group (*P = .001) and in the sham group (#P = .002). Data are mean ± standard deviation. Normothermia and hypothermia: animals receiving spinal cord ischemia with normothermia and hypothermia (1°C decrease), respectively. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 173-181DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.101) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 A, Representative light photomicrographs of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostained sections in the ventral horn gray matter in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups at 28 days after reperfusion. Scale bar: 50 μm. B, GFAP fraction (GFAP%) in the gray matter is shown at 48 hours after reperfusion in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups. The GFAP% value in the gray matter in the hypothermia group was significantly smaller than in the normothermia group (*P = .003) and in the sham group (#P = .022). Each symbol represents the GFAP% value of each rat. Data are mean ± standard deviation. Normothermia and hypothermia: animals receiving spinal cord ischemia with normothermia and hypothermia (1°C decrease), respectively. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 173-181DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.101) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 A, Representative light photomicrographs of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostained sections in the ventrolateral white matter in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups at 28 days after reperfusion. Scale bar: 50 μm. B, The GFAP fraction (GFAP%) in the white matter at 28 days after reperfusion is shown in the sham, normothermia, and hypothermia groups. The GFAP% value in the white matter in the hypothermia group was significantly smaller than in the normothermia group (*P = .009) and compared with the sham group (#P = .003). Each symbol represents the GFAP% value of each rat. Data are mean ± standard deviation. Normothermia and hypothermia: animals receiving spinal cord ischemia with normothermia and hypothermia (1°C decrease), respectively. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 173-181DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.101) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 A, A significant negative correlation was found in the glial fibrillary acidic protein fraction (GFAP%) and in the number of normal neurons in normothermia and hypothermia groups compared with sham group (r = −0.77, P < .001) vs without sham group (r = −0.81, P = .002). B, A significant positive correlation was found in GFAP% and the percentage area of vacuolation in normothermia and hypothermia groups compared with sham group (r = 0.65, P = .003) vs without sham group (r = 0.83, P < .001). Data are mean ± standard deviation. Normothermia and hypothermia: animals receiving spinal cord ischemia with normothermia and hypothermia (1°C decrease), respectively. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 173-181DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.101) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions