Nervous & Endocrine System Notes

Engage: Penny for your thoughts??? Materials: pencil, penny In your science notebook, trace the outline of your penny in 12 different places. In no particular order, number the circles from 1 – 12. Now, pick up the penny again. Put it in each circle, one after another, in numerical order, beginning with 1 and ending with 12.

Engage: Penny for your thoughts??? Make a list of all the sense organs, muscle movements, and thought processes you used during this activity. Compare and share with your neighbor. What organ system coordinated all the different processes that enabled you to do this?

The Nervous System I. Functions A. Receiving information B. Responding to stimuli C. Maintaining stable internal conditions (homeostasis)

The Nervous System II. Neuron – nerve cell A. Carries messages – nerve impulse B. Structure and function 1. Dendrite – carries nerve impulse to cell body 2. Cell body – contains the nucleus 3. Axon – carries nerve impulse away from cell body 4. Axon tips- send signal to the dendrites of the next neurons

The Nervous System C. Kinds of neurons 1. Sensory neurons – information from senses is changed to nerve impulses 2. Interneuron – carries impulses from one neuron to another. 3. Motor neuron - sends impulse to muscle, which contracts

dendrite→cell body→axon→across synapse→dendrite of another cell The Nervous System D. How a nerve impulse travels: dendrite→cell body→axon→across synapse→dendrite of another cell

The Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous system A. Central Nervous system 1. Made of the brain and spinal cord a. Cerebrum – controls thinking processes Right half: associated with creative and artistic ability controls left half of body Left half: math skills, speech, writing, and logical thinking controls right half of the body b. Cerebellum – controls muscle action and balance c. Brain stem (medulla) – controls involuntary actions

The Central Nervous System Cerebrum Cerebellum

The Nervous System B. Peripheral Nervous system 1. All nerves outside of the C.N.S. C. Somatic Nervous System 1. The group of nerves that control voluntary muscle action. D. Autonomic Nervous System 1. The group of nerves that controls involuntary actions.

Peripheral Nervous System

The Nervous System The Brain brain stem (medulla) cerebrum cerebellum spinal cord

The Nervous System The Neuron a) dendrite b) cell body c) nucleus d) axon e) axon

The Nervous System

Endocrine System True or false?? See handout, please don’t write on the page!

Endocrine System The endocrine system controls many of the body’s daily activities as well as long-term changes such as development. Endocrine glands- produce and release their chemical products directly into the bloodstream. Hormone- the chemical product of an endocrine gland that speeds up or slows down the activities

Endocrine System Target cells- A cell in the body that recognizes a hormone’s chemical structure. Hypothalamus- a tiny part of the brain that links the nervous system and the endocrine system. Pituitary gland- an endocrine gland just below the hypothalamus that communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities.

Endocrine System Negative feedback- an important way that the body maintains stable internal conditions or homeostasis. Thyroxine- thyroid hormone that controls how much energy is available to cells.

Endocrine System--Endocrine Glands Pituitary Communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities. In response to the hypothalamus it will release its hormones to act as an "on" switch for endocrine glands. Hypothalamus Links the nervous and endocrine system together. Controls sleep, hunger, and other conditions. Produces hormones that control other endocrine glands or organs. Plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis. Thyroid Hormones of this gland control the release of energy from food molecules during respiration in the body cells.

Endocrine System--Endocrine Glands Parathyroid Releases hormones that regulates the amount of calcium in the blood. Thymus Releases hormones that help the cells to develop. Pancreas Aids in digestion and releases insulin and glucagon. Controls the amount of simple sugars in your blood.

Endocrine System--Endocrine Glands Ovaries Release the female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Testicles Release the sex hormone testosterone that controls the changes in the body of a teenage boy. Adrenal Releases adrenaline that triggers the body to respond in emergency situations. Other hormones affect the balance of salt and water in the kidneys, and help control the amount of sugar in the blood.

Diagram Time! Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Parathyroids Thyroid gland Thymus gland Adrenal glands Diagram Time! Pancreas Ovaries Testes

The Endocrine System