Physical and Chemical Changes

Matter Matter – anything that has volume or mass. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter! Volume – anything that takes up space Mass – the amount of matter that something is made of

MASS Mass Measured in grams with a balance

Volume Liquid Volume measured in liters Meniscus – the curve that you see at the liquid’s surface used to measure the volume

Volume Solid Volume Measured in cubic meters (m3) Cubic means “having 3 dimensions”

Remember Inertia – tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion More Mass Greater Inertia harder to move an object with a large mass harder to stop an object with larger mass once moving

Can it be separated by physical means? A. Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be separated by physical means? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be decomposed by chemical means? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

B. Pure Substances Element matter composed of identical atoms EX: copper

B. Pure Substances Compound matter composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements EX: salt (NaCl)

Heterogeneous Mixture C. Mixtures Non-specific combination of 2 or more pure substances. Two Types of Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture even distribution of components EX: saline solution Heterogeneous Mixture uneven distribution of components EX: granite

A. Physical Property A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of its matter. can be used to separate mixtures EX: density, color, odor, mass and volume

Chemical Property A characteristic that indicates whether a substance can undergo a specific chemical change. EX: flammability, reactivity

Physical Change Physical changes occur when matter changes its property but not its chemical nature. Physical changes could include a change in: texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass, weight, and density.

Physical Change Remember! properties remain the same reversible can be used to separate mixtures

Density Density describes how much mass is in a given volume of a material.