(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: ESD Protection

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: ESD Introduction ESD is the discharge of static electricity. Static electricity is an excess or deficiency of electrons on one surface with respect to another surface or to ground. A surface exhibiting an excess of electrons is negatively charged, and an electron deficient surface is positively charged. Static electricity is measured in terms of voltage (volts) and charge (coulombs). When a static charge is present on an object, the molecules are electrically imbalanced. Electrostatic-Discharge (ESD) takes place. When an ESD-sensitive device, such as a power MOSFET, becomes part of the discharge path, or is brought within the bounds of an electrostatic field, it can be permanently damaged. The transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies or surfaces at different electrostatic potential. ESD is a subset of EOS.

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Implications of ESD on IC industry Major reliability threat in IC industry : -Cause of approximately 1/3 of IC failures -ESD protection is very challenging against rapidly changing technologies Standard model is used to characterize ESD : - Human Body Model (HBM) - Machine Model (MM) - Charged Device Model (CDM) ESD control is indispensable throughout devices life : - Eliminating static charges from the workplaces - Proper handling from manufacturing, shipping and field handling - On-chip protection (clamp input voltage and bypass ESD current)

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: ESD REQUIREMENTS (U.S.A.) Human Body Model +/- 2 kV Required by most customers Waivers given at 1 KV in some cases +/- 4 kV Delco (Auto Manufacturer) +/- 8 kV On Special Automotive Pins (Power Outputs) Machine Model No Standard for reliable testing Waivers given to 100 V in some cases

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Protection Schemes The solutions for avoiding or reducing ESD failures 1) identifying and rectifying possible ESD sources 2) identifying and undertaking adequate prevention measures while handling the ESD sensitive devices 3) incorporating built-in ESD protection networks in devices 4) providing awareness and training to users at all levels. Two ways to reduce IC failures under ESD conditions : The first approach focuses on reducing the amount of ESD induced charges and redistributing them through proper handling of devices and controlling the handling environments. The second approach is to implement on-chip protection circuits in order to improve the circuit robustness against ESD events by improving ESD performance of the individual circuit components.

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Table of Typical Generated Electrostatic Voltages Examples of Static Generation Typical Voltage Levels Means of Generation10-25% RH65-90% RH Walking across carpet35,000V1,500V Walking across vinyl tile12,000V250V Worker at bench6,000V100V Poly bag picked up from bench20,000V1,200V Chair with urethane foam18,000V1,500V

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: ESD Models The ESD events are modeled under several industry standards, where the Most representatives and accepted are: IEC (Recognized internationally) MIL STD 883 JEDEC A114 and A115 StandardModelC, pF R, Ohms IEC HBM MIL STD 883HBM JEDEC A115MM2000

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: HUMAN BODY MODEL (HBM)

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: MACHINE MODEL (MM)

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) IEC

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Electrical Fast Transient ( EFT ) IEC

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Surge immunity ( Lighting ) IEC

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Transient Suppression Constant advances in semiconductor process technologies make the design of protection very challenging. Protection circuit must divert transient current and clamp transient voltage below the failure threshold of the protected

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) v.s MLV ( Mutil-Layer Varistor ) MLV TVS UnidirectionBi-Direction

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: TVSMLV Clamp Voltage LowHigh Packaging Outline Mutil – Channel Small Outline Single – Channel Small Outline Surge RepeatStrong40% Degrade CapacitorLow ESD Protect Voltage 8K ~ 15K / 30KV8K ~ 12K TVS v.s MLV Characteristics

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: Wireless Telecom ( Cell Phone / PDA ) MMC Interface SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 Earphone SPE0511, SPE0512 USB SPE0511, SPE0512 LCD Screen SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 Bottom Connector SPE0511, SPE0512 Microphone SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: USB SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 IEEE 1394 ( Digital Interface ) SPE0504, SPE0505, SPE0506 DVD Player / STB

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: LCD Screen SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 MMC Interface SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 USB SPE0511, SPE0512 LCD Screen SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 Microphone SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 DV / DSC

(C) 2005 SYNC POWER CORP. ALL Rights Reserved. 9F-5, No. 3-2, Park Street, Nankang District, (NKSP), Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R.O.C Tel: Fax: IEEE 1394 ( Digital Interface ) SPE0514, SPE0515 SPE0504. SPE0505 USB SPE0511, SPE0512 PS2 SPE0511, SPE0512 MMC Interface SPE0511, SPE0512 SPE0514, SPE0515 IEEE 1284 ( Parallel interface ) SPE0514, SPE0515 SPE0504. SPE0505 Motherboard / Notebook