Clinical science research

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Presentation transcript:

Clinical science research Frederick L. Grover, MD, A.Laurie Shroyer, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 119, Issue 4, Pages s11-s21 (April 2000) DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2000.104720

1 Fig. 1. Research project design process. The first step is to develop a research question and a corresponding hypothesis, then to create the supporting conceptual framework for that hypothesis, and to provide the means by which to test the hypothesis. The research method must be chosen; the population and sampling strategy must be identified; the event must be observed; and the data must be captured, processed, and analyzed. (Adapted from Babbie E. The practice of social research. 4th edition. Belmont [CA]: Wadsworth; 1986. Reprinted with permission of Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning. Fax 800 730-2215.) The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000 119, s11-s21DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2000.104720)

2 Fig. 2. Experimental approach. A scientific experimental design is shown where subjects are randomized to either an intervention or a controlled group, and the dependent variables and covariants, which are measured at baseline in either an experimental stimulant or a placebo (control group), are administered. The dependent variable is remeasured to assess the effect of experimental stimulus. (Adapted from Babbie E. The practice of social research. 4th edition. Belmont [CA]: Wadsworth; 1986. p. 184. Reprinted with permission of Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning. Fax 800 730-2215.) The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000 119, s11-s21DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2000.104720)

3 Fig. 3. Quasi-experimental approach. In a quasi-experimental approach, the subjects are not randomized; instead, a comparison group is developed. The comparison group includes cases that are similar. Where appropriate, a matching process may be used. Although not as rigorous as a randomized, controlled clinical trial, this type of approach can be useful to answer important clinical questions. (Adapted from Babbie E. The practice of social research. 4th edition. Belmont [CA]: Wadsworth; 1986. p. 184. Reprinted with permission of Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning. Fax 800 730-2215.) The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000 119, s11-s21DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2000.104720)

ase Fig. 4. Incidence of the use of the internal mammary artery (IMA ) in first-time CABG procedures in the STS database. Note that, from 1990 to 1997, there has been a marked increase in the use of at least 1 internal mammary artery in coronary bypass procedures, increasing from 48.45% to 79.77%. Data such as this from observational databases can serve as benchmark comparisons for practicing clinicians. (From data analysis of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, The Eight Year, December 1998.) The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000 119, s11-s21DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2000.104720)