Regular Day 34 AB Research Phrases Write 2 sentences, 1 with a preposition and another with a participle How to outline Outlining in Rm 107 Typed Outline due Wednesday Jan. 2 Typed Draft due Tuesday, Jan. 8 Typed Outline, Final Draft, Works Cited, and Packet due Thursday, January 12 Speeches Begin Wednesday, Jan. 16

A Participle is a verb form that functions as an adjective. Participles aren’t preceded by a helping verb. The sputtering car jerked down the road. (participle) The car was sputtering down the road. (verb) Present Participles end in –ing (jumping, burning, speaking). The howling children disturbed the neighbors. Fred Flintstone gave Barney Rubble a crumbling rock. Swimming slowly, I didn’t notice the shark on my tail. Past Participles usually end in –ed, -t, or –en (jumped, burnt, spoken). The frozen candy bar broke her $900 braces. Annoyed, Ms. Werner waited for the students to be quiet. Confused by the noise, the mouse hid its face. Rozakis, Laurie. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Grammar and Style. New York: Alpha Books, 1997 (136-37).

Participles,3 Use participles and participial phrases to create concise and interesting sentences. You can combine to simple sentences to make a more interesting complex sentence. 2 Sentences: Ms. Werner gave the students a pointed glare. She waited for them to be quiet. 1 Sentence: Waiting for them to be quiet, Ms. Werner gave the students a pointed glare. Rozakis, Laurie. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Grammar and Style. New York: Alpha Books, 1997 (137).

The participial phrase includes the participle and the object of the participle or any words modified by or related to the participle. Participial phrases act as adjectives The car sliding out of control toward the building is going to hit the window. SLIDING modifies the CAR. The verb is IS GOING. Cameron spotted his brother throwing rocks at the passing cars. THROWING is not a verb in this sentence. It describes the brother. Without an auxiliary verb, it cannot function as a verb. The astronaut chosen to ride the space shuttle to Mars is afraid of heights. CHOSEN describes the ASTRONAUT. Running down the street, Alicia tripped and fell. RUNNING certainly indicates something the subject is doing, but the verbs for the subject are TRIPPED and FELL. Boxed in by other runners, Steve was unable to make a break for the finish line. STEVE is the subject. WAS is the verb. PENNED describes STEVE. Mark returned the damaged package to the manufacturer. DAMAGED describes PACKAGE. Alex fell down the broken staircase. BROKEN describes STAIRCASE. http://grammar.uoregon.edu/phrases/participialP.html