Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory
What you will learn in this section… 3 processes of memory Encoding Storage Retrieval
Encoding Translation of info into a form in which it can be stored Info goes into memory it is encoded 1st stage of processing info 1st it is in physical form, then psychologically formatted
OTTFFSSENT 30 seconds to memorize
Visual, Acoustic, Semantic Codes Did you try to see them in mind as pic (visual)? Read list to self and repeat several times? This way records letters as a sequence of sounds Try to figure out what they mean? Word sent was at the end It represents info… Could have tried to find words that began with each letter and make a sentence Make a phrase 1-10
Storage Second process of memory Maintenance rehearsal— More time spent=longer remembered Elaborative Rehearsal— Teachers use this
Organizational Systems Memories stored become organized and arranged Memory is a vast storehouse of files and file cabinets President example As memory develops, files within files Filing errors
Retrieval Consists of locating… Some info is familiar and readily available Retrieval,retreival
Context-Dependent Memory Context of a memory is the situation in which a person first had the experience being remembered Memories are dependent on the place where a person… Swimming club example Witnesses
State-Dependent Memory Retrieve memories better when they are in the same emotional state they were in when they first stored the memories Happiness Gordon Bower Same state of consciousness
On the tip of the tongue Memories can be difficult to retrieve Sometimes we get really close to info but it is on… We often try to retrieve memories by…
Ch.7 Sect.3:Three Stages of Memory
What you will learn in this section… 3 stages of memory Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory
1st stage, immediate, initial recording of info that enters our senses Decays within a second Icons— Iconic memory like snapshots Eidetic imagery— Gone by adolescence Echoic memory— Easier to remember than visual Sensory Memory
Short-term Memory Also called working memory Used a great deal Whenever you think about something Examples Fades rapidly after several seconds
Remembering numbers Primacy effect— Recency effect— Chunking— George Miller found average person… Businesses… 10 digit phone number Only a limited amount of info at a time can be retained in short term memory Interference— The Peterson Experiment
Long Term Memory Mechanical repetition Relating info… New info constantly being transferred into long term It holds… Still don’t know limit on how much we can store Limited to… Walter Penfield Elizabeth Loftus Memories are reconstructed… Long Term Memory
Schemas Schemas— Loftus and Palmer experiment