C.P. Neu Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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Functional imaging in OA: role of imaging in the evaluation of tissue biomechanics C.P. Neu Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 22, Issue 10, Pages 1349-1359 (October 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.016 Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Noninvasive imaging can probe the pathomechanics of osteoarthritis (OA). Structural changes in the progression of OA are characterized by cartilage damage and loss, following156. Radiography indirectly identifies advanced OA through joint space narrowing. Functional imaging and quantitative MRI show promise to probe early OA, prior to the expression of gross changes in cartilage structure and morphology143. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 1349-1359DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.016) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Imaging commonly evaluates joint and tissue function in OA by radiography, MRI and ultrasound over a wide range of spatial resolutions. Radiography has historically identified advanced OA through the assessment of joint space narrowing as the cartilage is worn allowing bony surfaces to contact. MRI is a versatile method that can acquire data to assess joint space narrowing, directly visualize cartilage structure and morphology, and reveal internal patterns of strain in tissues active deep within the joint. Multiple contrasts (e.g., relaxivity, internal strains) are a promising new advance in MRI assessment of OA151,152. Ultrasound shows promise for real time assessment of the joint tissues. Various functional measures are depicted over common spatial resolution ranges for each imaging modality. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 1349-1359DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.016) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Multicontrast imaging of human joint cartilage is possible through complementary MRI techniques. Standard MRI (e.g., fast spin echo pulse sequence) depicts morphology of the left knee joint in the coronal plane (M = medial, L = lateral, S = superior, I = inferior). Spatial maps of relaxivity (e.g., T2) can be visualized in cartilage, ligament, and meniscus tissues. Compressive loading to the joint in the inferior to superior direction, determined by dualMRI, results in complex internal strain patterns that can be related to disease severity, material properties of the tissues, and contact conditions in the loaded joint. The data is adapted from2. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 1349-1359DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.016) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions