Sachiko Kosaka, Oleg E. Akilov, Katie O'Riordan, Tayyaba Hasan

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A Mechanistic Study of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Sachiko Kosaka, Oleg E. Akilov, Katie O'Riordan, Tayyaba Hasan Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 127, Issue 6, Pages 1546-1549 (June 2007) DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700719 Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 In vitro and in vivo efficacies of ALA-PDT against Leishmania. (a) The PpIX level in a parasite after co-incubation with exogenous PpIX or ALA (0.1μm). (b) Quantification of PpIX in an amastigote. (c–d) Exogenous PpIX mediated phototoxicity at high concentrations, whereas ALA did not. L. major parasites were co-incubated with PpIX (c) or ALA (d) and subsequently irradiated at 10J/cm2. The viability of parasites was determined as the percentage of 3-[4,5]dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion activity. (e) Intralesional quantification of L. major parasites by standard dilution (Belkaid et al., 1998). *P<0.05 (f) Topical ALA-PDT on CL lesions 3 weeks after L. major infection (635nm diode-laser at 50J/cm2). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 1546-1549DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700719) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Phenotypic profile of cells in ears with CL lesions after ALA-PDT. (a) A representative dot plot (top left chart) used for cell gating (R1). Dot plots for neutrophil (Ly-6G/Ly-6C), macrophage (F4/80), T lymphocyte (CD3), and B lymphocyte (CD19) expression are shown for infected untreated mice, treated mice 1 day, and 7 days after ALA-PDT. (b) A representative dot plot displays SS and F4/80+ cells used for cell gating (R2). A dot plot for F4/80 and L. major surface glycoprotein (gp63-FITC) expression is shown in the middle. Tumor necrosis factor-α expression was determined in infected (gp63-positive cells) and uninfected (gp63-negative cells) F4/80+ cells and presented as two charts on the right side of the picture. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 1546-1549DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700719) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions