Effect of air quality alerts on human health: a regression discontinuity analysis in Toronto, Canada  Hong Chen, PhD, Qiongsi Li, MMath, Jay S Kaufman,

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Effect of air quality alerts on human health: a regression discontinuity analysis in Toronto, Canada  Hong Chen, PhD, Qiongsi Li, MMath, Jay S Kaufman, PhD, Jun Wang, MSc, Ray Copes, MD, Yushan Su, PhD, Tarik Benmarhnia, PhD  The Lancet Planetary Health  Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages e19-e26 (January 2018) DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30185-7 Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Probability of an air quality alert in Toronto, Canada, from 2003 to 2012, by daily maximum AQI Plot is centred at an AQI of 48 (blue vertical dotted line). Eligible days were days with daily maximum AQI ≥48 (dots to the right) and non-eligible days were days with daily maximum AQI <48 (dots to the left). Red dashed lines depict linear regression lines. AQI=air quality index. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018 2, e19-e26DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30185-7) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Selected health outcomes reported in Toronto, Canada, from 2003 to 2012, on days with a daily AQI within five units from the threshold of 48 Bars represent mean daily counts of health outcomes. Eligible days were days with daily maximum AQI ≥48. Non-eligible days were days with daily maximum AQI <48. AQI=air quality index. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018 2, e19-e26DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30185-7) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Terms and Conditions