The Changing Workplace & Market Revolution Supplementary Notes
Industry Changes 1100s to the 1800s work was done by a Guild system Apprentice Journeyman Master Had to produce a masterwork item that was approved by the Guild 1830s – putting-out system – factories would produce parts and send them to homes to be manufactured
Immigration Increases 1845 – The US had a population of 20 million people. 3 million people immigrated to the US Most immigrants settled in the North Economic opportunities Most immigrants were Irish Potato Famine in Ireland Irish immigrants faced a lot of discrimination For being Poor For being Catholic
U.S. Market Expands The Northern factories started making specific goods Farmers in started growing specific crops Market Revolution People bought and sold goods instead of making them for themselves Workers bought goods produced by other workers and sold by a middle man
The Business Spirit Capitalism – private businesses own the means of production What does that mean? You have the freedom to control and own your own business without government interference Entrepreneurs People who invest and risk their own money into new industries
The Start of a Revolution What you need Swift flowing streams Coal (cheap fuel source) Abundance of Labor US began by shipping raw goods to GB cotton GB shipped created goods to the US Shirts This stopped Therefore the US had to develop their own industries
Factories Come to New England Why? Fast moving rivers Transportation Power Easy access to the ocean for shipping Willing labor force Large labor force Unsuccessful farmers
A New Way to Manufacture Eli Whitney was hired to make 10,000 muskets During this time gunsmiths handmade guns individually If the gun broke, the gunsmith who made it had to fix it Whitney invented interchangeable parts all guns built exactly the same If the gun broke, you could just buy a replacement part Easier to mass produce guns Factories used interchangeable parts in their production
Inventions Drive History - Not People? Vulcanized Rubber – doesn’t freeze or melt (invented by Charles Goodyear) Shoes soles Car Tires Sewing Machine (invented by I.M. Singer) Factory production of clothing possible Telegraph (invented by Samuel F. B. Morse) Communication! Steamboat & Railroad Faster Transportation Steel Plow (John Deere) & Reaper (Cyrus McCormick) Horses instead of Oxen
Charles Goodyear (Vulcanized Rubber)
Sewing Machine
Telegraph (Samuel Morse)
Steamboat
Steam Train
Steel Plow (John Deere)
Reeper (Cyrus McCormick)
Southern Economics The South did not create factories. The wealthy land owners had all their money tied into slaves and their massive plantations. Could not afford to invest it into business Southerners also looked down on the filth of factory conditions in the North