1. Take out piece of paper and pen/pencil. BELL WORK: 1. Take out piece of paper and pen/pencil. 2. Write these questions in your science notebook.

1. What do we call different forms a gene may have for a trait? 2. What height of pea plant (tall or short) did Mendel find to be dominant? 3. How are dominant and recessive traits represented? (upper or lower case) Give an example!

_________ : the passing of traits from _______ to _________ Traits are controlled by _____, SO what is GENETICS? Genetics: The study of how ________ are __________.

____________ _______________ ____________ _______________ First known geneticist and “____________of genetics” Was an Austrian monk and was born in 1822 Did most of his genetic studies on ____ plants

He performed _______-_________ He became the __________ himself He controlled which ____________. Some traits Mendel worked with were ______ of pea and it’s pod, ______ and shape of ______, plant ______, flower __________ and flower color.

WHAT ARE ___________? Are ONE ________ of a gene (there can be more than one form) Sex cells have _____ form of a gene on their chromosomes Body cells have ______forms or ALLELES for a single gene (you got one from Mom and one from Dad) One may be __________ over another. If this happens, the dominant gene is the one expressed. If not, the recessive trait is expressed.

DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE A ___________ trait: will always be expressed and will “______” or hide a recessive trait A ___________ trait can only be expressed if there are NO ___________ alleles present.

Example: Eyecolor—Brown color is ________ and blue is __________. A person can have a ______ allele and a _______ allele but still have brown eyes because the brown allele is ________ and “hides” the _____ allele.

Example: ____= dominant ____ = recessive Generally, ________ alleles are represented with a ________ letter, and __________ alleles are represented with a ____________letter. Example: ____= dominant ____ = recessive

Each organism is represented by _____ letters, one for each ______.

“Purebred” species have _____ alleles of the ______ trait Represented by _____ of the same letters. This is called ___________. For example: BB or bb. Species with two _______ alleles or two different forms of the _____ would be “hybrid” Represented by two different “letters” and by called “_____________”. For instance: Bb The alleles present in the organism are referred to as its __________. For example, BB, Bb, or bb.

The ____________trait that shows, regardless of genotype is called a PHENOTYPE. For instance, Blue or Brown Eyes.

Daughter has blue eyes (bb) Genetics by Brainpop Mom has blue eyes (bb) Dad has brown eyes (BB or Bb) Therefore, Dad must have the Bb genotype, because he must have given her the “b” allele. His “b” allele is masked by his “B”/dominant allele. Daughter has blue eyes (bb)

PROBABILITY Helps predict the _______ that something will happen Example: the probability of throwing heads or tails on a coin is _______ (1/2 chances) Your predictions become more ______ with the more trials you run!

Using a Punnett Square… Used to help predict Mendelian genetics

Steps for using the Punnett square: One parent’s alleles ________go along the top The other parent’s alleles __________ go down the side. You fill in the squares like doing the communicative property of multiplication. B b B BB Bb b Bb bb

Steps for using the Punnett square: Let’s say the parents are Bb and Bb (the same __________). What would be their phenotype? ____________ B b So you would predict: ¼ offspring to be BB, or Brown Eyes 2/4 or 1/2 to be Bb, or Brown Eyes and ¼ to be bb or Blue eyes B BB Bb b Bb bb

So, if Miss Hemphill had children with her husband to be …what color eyes would they have? Mr. Ellinger Blue eyes (bb) Miss Hemphill Blue eyes (bb) b b b b All of their kids would have blue eyes!

Using a Punnett Square Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBezq1fFUEA

Let’s try some practice problems…

Practice Problem #1 Predict the fur color of the offspring of a brown heterozygous hamsters and a white homozygous hamster. Brown is dominant. White is recessive. Use any letter you like.

Practice Problem #1 B b Bb bb b

Practice Problem #2 Predict the offspring of 2 white homozygous cows. Black is dominant over white. Use any letter you like.

Practice Problem #2 b b bb b

Practice Problem #3 Predict the offspring of 2 Grey Heterozygous rats. Gray is dominant over white, which is recessive. Use any letter you like.

Practice Problem #3 G g GG Gg gg G g

Practice Problem #4 Predict the pea shape of the offspring of one Heterozygous Round Pea plant and one homozygous wrinkled pea plant. Round is dominant over wrinkled. Use any letter you like.

Practice Problem #4 R r Rr rr r

Practice Problem #5 you don’t have to write this one down… What are the chances of having a boy or a girl? How would you solve this one?

Practice Problem #5 X Y XX XY X

Heredity by Brainpop Heredity by Brainpop What do we call different forms a gene may have for a trait? What height of pea plant (tall or short) did Mendel find to be dominant? Which kind of trait can’t be passed from parent to child? )Eye color b) height c) broken arm