PIA 2020 Introduction to Public Affairs Comparative Governance and Bureaucratic Processes

Classic Reading Discussions Breaking up into Groups of 4-5, select 2 of the 3 Classic Readings for this week and answer the following questions and write down your group responses: What was the reading about? Give a summary (2-4 sentences). What were 2 important quotes from the reading that you found impactful? What was the purpose of the reading? What does the reading have to say in relation to: Governance, Bureaucracy, Working in these systems, Corruption? Please address in your discussions the questions for each selected reading: ‘In a Free State’ provides two stories about characters living abroad. What are the challenges that they face that Naipaul is demonstrating? In the ‘Institutional Imperative’, how are institutions and the people like lawyers who work for them portrayed? In the ‘Sale of Public Offices’, how are the systems of different countries characterized? What are the factors that help bring about the ‘systematic sale of public offices?’ Please be prepared to present your answers with the class.

REMINDERS Midterm is Next Wednesday- 75% Short Answer and Multiple Choice options, select 15/20 options to complete 25% Essay- 3 topics to choose from to write on, select 1 of the 3 only, 3-5 paragraphs, you will want at least 45 mins to complete Covers Weeks 1-7 Please be on time, bring pencils and pens to use Study closely notes from Recitations shared yesterday 2. Study Session for Midterm on Monday, 6-8PM, please come having studied ahead so that you can contribute 3. Presentation at 1:45 same day on 21st, by Dr. Picard, Dr. Pugh, and Jessi on Life of Ebola Survivors, hope you can make it! Free cookies…

Anti-Bureaucrats and Ideologues Video Father Charles E. Coughlin With Huey P. Long, and Gerald L. K. Smith

An Overview of Public Sector Reform

The Structure and Process of Bureaucracies- First Cut Political Institutions and Public Affairs Debates about Public Sector Reform Lobbyists, Networks and Pressures Public Motives vs. Private Economics and Dealing with Corruption

Reform Epochs: A Reminder 16th Century France: Separation of King from retainers. Creation of Bureaucracy 18th Century Prussia: Cameralism- Defined civil administrators in public and Corporate Sector Nineteenth Century: British India and British Reforms: Selection by Examination and Interview Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century U.K. and U.S.: Civil Service Reform: Ending the Spoils Last Part of the Twentieth Century: Structural Adjustment

Bureaucracies, Politicians and Clients Overall Themes of the Next Several Weeks in the Reading Characteristics of Bureaucracies (Schiavo-Campo) Explaining Bureaucratic Behavior (Peters) Clients: The comparative advantage of the "Iron Triangle" model (Executive Bureaucracy, Congress and Staff and Lobbyists). (Sandel and Kharasch) Clients and Democracy: The Power of the Lobbyist (Zakaria) Corporatism as the Alternative Concept (Conspiracy?) (Mills and Wedel) Evaluating Reform and Understanding behavior (Wilson)

The Public Sector Problem: Inefficiency Corruption Interest Influence Authoritarianism Patronage

Lincoln and the Accusation of Patronage

The U.S. Case Study

Two Views of Behavior

Kenya Poster: A Reminder

How to Reform: Organizational and Administrative Reform (Motivation and Communication) Civil Service Reform (Recruitment) Fiscal Reform (Spending and Ownership) Policy Reform (Law and Order vs. Development)

Modern Reforms: U.S. Model U.S. Civil Service Reform: 1883: End of Spoils Hoover Commissions: 1940s and 1950s (Admin. Reform) New Public Administration: Advocacy Reform and Affirmative Action Structural Adjustment: Debt Management and Privatization- Internationalized Reform New Public Management: Customers and Clients

Evaluating Reforms?

Lobbyists, Networks and Pressures Clients: The Role of Groups

The Role of Groups Reform Perspective Extent of access to public sector Iron Triangle Problem of Illicit Access

The Iron Triangle and the Revolving Door

Group Influences-Five Models: 1. Japan/Asia- Johnson's perspective (State Centric Planning and one way movement) 2. Europe- (Orwell, Greene, Ferrel Heady (Representation vs. Corporatism) 3. U.S.- Pluralism vs. Elite Theory (Dahl vs. C. Wright Mills) 4. Latin America: Military Corporatism and Patron Client Relationships 5. Africa/Middle East: Crony Capitalism

Peronism vs. Chile Video:

Pluralist vs. Controlling Power Elite- Class Pluralist (Competitive)

C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (1916-1962) How Valid? Mills commuted to Columbia College on his motorcycle, 1950s

LDCs An absence of "clients" or Too many? The Role of patronage, corruption and Crony capitalism. -Indonesia -Korea -West and West Africa -South Africa -China -U.S.?

Crony Capitalism

AT ISSUE Public Interest vs. private interests (and the bureaucracy as an interest group) Question: Is there such a thing as a Public Interest Group? (PIG) NGOs: Public, private or Ideological?

The Ideal

John Q. Public Is there such a person? Clients and Democracy John Q. Public Is there such a person?

Major themes in Comparative Public Administration- Administrative Structures and Society- An Individualist view of state-society relationships a. Common law view of society; b. Anglo-Saxon model: law and order as basic function of government; c. Society made up of individuals- liberalism

Political Structures and Public Management Themes 1. Issues of Governance, Interests and Political Development 2. The Administrative State Problem: Weak Political controls and a strong bureaucratic elite

Control: How to vs. Should one?

Political Structures and Public Management 3. Elite vs. egalitarian views of public service. (A Reminder)- Interests within the State) a. Maximum Deferred Achievement (No pre-selection) b. Maximum Ascriptive Model (Class based) c. Progressive Equal Attrition Model Egalitarian- Professional- collectivist

Political Structures and Public Management 1. Structure of Civil Service Systems: The role of Mandarins and political penetration into the civil service 2. Decayed and Transferred Institutions: (Kings and Colonies)- The creation of an organizational bourgeoisie (Irving Markovitz) 3. Corporatist Systems can be royalist, military, social (Spain, Argentina, Scandinavia)

The Myth: Classical Non-Partisanism The Politics/Administration Dichotomy: The Role of Non-Partisan Movements and Generic Management POSDECORB (Luther Gulick) (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting) How Neutral?

Differences between the public and the private sector- How much, or how little? 1. No significant differences between personnel in large private vs. public organizations 2. Differences in the structures within which the individual has to work 3. The bureaucracy is an institution of government

Government: Differences from the private sector- Difference in Product 4. Private- emphasis is on profit, economy and efficiency 5. Public- need to account for the political and social- not what is always efficient 6. Issue- motivation or its absence in the public sector

The Bottom Line Government Has THE Monopoly of Power (Ultimately Life and Death)

Bureaucrats: Powerful or Silly Video: The Ministry of Silly Walks

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