The Scientific Revolution

The Changing 17th Century Impacts of the 30 years war German Particularism and the weakening of the Holy Roman Empire the principle of leaving each state in an empire or federation free to govern itself and promote its own interests, without reference to those of the whole. Rise of the Absolutist state increased central authority

Rise of Secularism End of Religious Wars and the politiques holding national unity of greater importance than the absolute predominance of a single sect and advocating religious toleration as the policy of the government New Secular themes in culture denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis. "secular buildings" Shakespeare and Cervantes Opera Dutch genre painting

Economic Issues Price Revolution a period of inflation brought on by the influx of New World gold and Silver Connecting the time period with the era of discovery Devastation and population collapse in the Holy Roman Empire Taxation

Science vs. Superstition Encouraged by Protestantism The nature of “proof” in trials changes Cunning folk and superstition continues among the lower classes

Scientific Revolution Not a unified event “Natural Philosophy” describe and explain phenomenon in nature Copernicus- On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres; Contradicts the Ptolemaic (geocentric) view Brahe and Kepler: While Brahe was wrong about geocentrism, his detailed observations helped Kepler prove heliocentric, elliptical orbits The sun is at the center of the solar system, not Earth Newton Principia Mathematica (1687) 3 Laws of Motion Gravity Explain the motion of the planets

Galileo’s sketches of the moon

Baroque Art-Characteristics The Art of the Counter-Reformation (Catholic) Emphasis on emotion and personal experience (like Protestantism) Dramatic lighting, usually not from the center Distorted perspective—lines do not converge in the center Move away from the restrained and formal classicism of the Renaissance

Baroque Art