Find: % of sand in soil sieve # mass retained [g] 60% 70% 80% D) 90% 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 60% 70% 80% D) 90% Find the percent of sand in the soil. [pause] In this problem, ---

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # mass retained [g] 60% 70% 80% D) 90% 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 60% 70% 80% D) 90% we have been provided with the results from a sieve analysis test, where ---

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # mass retained [g] 60% 70% 80% D) 90% 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 60% 70% 80% D) 90% the sieves are ordered from largest opening to smallest opening.

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # mass retained [g] size range soil type 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 soil size range type [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 Assuming cobbles, boulders and larger rocks are not present, ---

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # mass retained [g] size range soil type 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 soil size range type [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 We define gravel to be all particles whose smallest diameter is greater than 4.75 millimeters,

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # mass retained [g] size range soil type 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 soil size range type [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 sand is defined as particles which range between 0.075 millimeters and 4.75 millimeters, ---

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # mass retained [g] size range soil type 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 soil size range type [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 and fines are all particles smaller than 0.075 millimeters. Next, we add ---

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 Mass retained [g] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 column to show the sizes of each sieve. soil type size range [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 Mass retained [g] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 all the gravel will collect on the #4 sieve, --- soil type size range [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 Mass retained [g] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 and all the sand will pass by the #4 sieve, but won’t reach the pan. soil type size range [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 Mass retained [g] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 In other words, we can draw lines between the sieve sizes --- soil type size range [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 Mass retained [g] gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 sand and identify which soil types will be retained on each sieve. sand fines soil type size range [mm] gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 sand Next, we sum the mass of the soil retained on all sieves, which is 850 grams. sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 sand After that, we compute the total mass of soil retained for each of the three soil types and compute their percentages. sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 sand For example, out of the 850 gram sample, 145 grams of that sample was gravel. sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 sand On a percentage basis, --- sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 gravel mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 sand 145 grams is divided by 850 grams, and we have --- sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 gravel mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 17.1% gravel, in the sample. sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 gravel mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 677 grams of that sample is sand. sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 gravel mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 This computes to --- sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 sand mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 79.6% of the entire sample. sand fines soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 sand mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 And lastly, 28 grams of fine grain material results in, --- sand fines 28 soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 sand mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 3.3% of the entire sample. sand 3.3 fines 28 soil type size range [mm] 850 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 fines mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 Since we’re looking for the percentage of sand in the soil, sand 3.3 fines 28 soil type size range [mm] 850 100.0 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 fines mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 we note that percentage is most nearly 79.6 percent. sand 3.3 fines 28 soil type size range [mm] 850 100.0 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 fines mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # 60% 70% 80% D) 90% Size [mm] 4 10 20 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 60% 70% 80% D) 90% 677 79.6 Upon reviewing the possible solutions, sand 3.3 fines 28 soil type size range [mm] 850 100.0 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 fines mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil AnswerC sieve # 60% 70% 80% D) 90% Size [mm] mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 60% 70% 80% D) 90% 677 79.6 AnswerC the answer is C. [pause] This solution can also be determined if only a plot is provided in the problem statement. Let’s see how this data would plot. sand 3.3 fines 28 soil type size range [mm] 850 100.0 gravel sand fines >4.75 0.075-4.75 <0.075 fines mass retained =% total mass retained

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 Grain size distributions plot the sand 3.3 fines 28 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 sieve size on the horizontal axis, on a logarithmic scale, --- sand 3.3 fines 28 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 by the cumulative percentage of the mass passing each sieve on the vertical axis, using a linear scale. Which will now calculate. sand 3.3 fines 28 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] total % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 17.1 sand 677 79.6 We first look at the mass retained on each individual sieve, --- sand 3.3 fines 28 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 17.1 sand 79.6 and calculate the individual percentages --- sand 3.3 fines 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 percent retained mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 sand by dividing by 850 grams. sand fines 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 percent retained mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 sand This last column shows us the percent mass of the soil sample retained on each sieve. Remember we’re trying to determine --- sand fines 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil sieve # Size [mm] 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 percent retained mass sieve # Size [mm] retained [g] % gravel 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 145 207 165 111 151 43 28 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 sand the cumulative percentage of the soil passing each sieve. So let’s start a new table, and copy over the two columns in red, the size and the percent retained. sand fines 850 100.0

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 percent size [mm] retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 sand --- sand fines

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 sand A cumulative percent retained column is added to sum the percent retained from each sieve, including the percent retained for all larger sieves. sand fines

Σ Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained Σ gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 sand For the largest size sieve, the cumulative percent retained equals the percent retained for that sieve alone. sand fines

Σ Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.5 Σ sand But for the #10 sieve, the cumulative percent retained is the 24.3% from the the #10 sieve, plus the 17.1% from the #4 sieve above it. sand fines

Σ Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 sand Σ This process continues --- sand fines

Σ Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 sand Σ as the cumulative --- sand fines

Σ Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 sand Σ percent retained value --- sand fines

Σ Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 sand approaches 100%. Σ sand fines

Σ Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 sand --- sand Σ fines

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent percent size [mm] retained retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 sand Next we add a column --- sand fines

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 sand for the cumulative percent of mass passing each sieve. sand fines

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 sand Which is simply 100% minus the cumulative percent of mass retained on each sieve. sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 sand For our first sieve, the cumulative percent retained is 17.1%, --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 sand So the cumulative percent passing is 82.9 percent. sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 sand This calculation is repeated --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 39.3 sand for the remaining sieves. sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 sand --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 sand --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 sand --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand We preserve the data we need for the plot, --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent percent percent size [mm] retained passing retained gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 17.1 24.3 19.3 13.1 17.8 5.1 3.3 17.1 41.4 60.7 73.8 91.6 96.7 100.0 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand namely, --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative percent size [mm] passing gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand the sieve size, --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand and cumulative percent passing. sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 100% sand 80% % passing 60% 40% The semi-log plot is set and we plot our points for the --- 20% sand 0% fines 10 1 0.1 0.01 cumulative cumulative size[mm] percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand #4 sieve, sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand the #10 sieve sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand the #20 sieve sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand the #40 sieve sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand the #100 sieve sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand and the #200 sieve. sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand A line is drawn to connect the data points. sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand The original questions asks to find the percent of sand in the soil, so we divide the plot into the 3 identified soil types --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand by identifying the boundary between the gravel and sand, at 4.75 millimeters, --- sand fines cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand and the boundary between sand and fines, at 0.075 millimeters. sand fines 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 sand Sketching up to the line, and then over to the cumulative percent passing axis, --- sand fines 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 17.1% (gravel) sand we identify the gravel is 17.1 % of the entire sample, --- sand fines 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 17.1% (gravel) sand 79.6% (sand) sand is 79.6 % of the entire sample, --- sand fines 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained

Find: % of sand in soil size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 17.1% (gravel) sand 79.6% (sand) and fines is 3.3% of the entire sample. sand fines 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained 3.3% (fines)

Find: % of sand in soil 60% 70% 80% D) 90% size [mm] 4.75 2.00 0.85 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 17.1% (gravel) sand 60% 70% 80% D) 90% 79.6% (sand) Returning to the possible solutions, --- sand fines 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained 3.3% (fines)

Find: % of sand in soil AnswerC 60% 70% 80% D) 90% size [mm] 4.75 cumulative size [mm] % passing size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 gravel 4.75 2.00 0.85 0.425 0.150 0.075 0.000 82.9 58.6 39.3 26.2 8.4 3.3 0.0 17.1% (gravel) sand 60% 70% 80% D) 90% 79.6% (sand) the answer is C. sand fines 0.075 cumulative cumulative percent =100%- percent 4.75 passing retained 3.3% (fines)

( ) ? τ [lb/ft2] γclay=53.1[lb/ft3] Index σ’v = Σ φ γ Δ d ˚ H*C σfinal Find: σ’v ρc d = 30 feet (1+wc)*γw wc+(1/SG) σ’v = Σ φ γ Δ d ˚ d Sand 10 ft γT=100 [lb/ft3] 100 [lb/ft3] φ=α1-α2 10 [ft] 20 ft Clay = γsand dsand +γclay dclay A W S V [ft3] W [lb] 40 ft text wc = 37% ? Δh 20 [ft] τ [lb/ft2] (5 [cm])2 * π/4 ( ) H*C σfinal ρcn= 1+e σinitial log ‘ φ size[mm] % passing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10 1 0.1 0.01 c=0 400 1,400 σ3 Sand σ1