Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, mitochondrial number and activity, and pyruvate uptake in oocytes after gonadotropin injections  Seung Tae Lee, Ph.D., Seo Jin Oh, B.Sc., Eun Ju Lee, Ph.D., Ho Jae Han, Ph.D., D.V.M., Jeong Mook Lim, Ph.D., D.V.M.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 86, Issue 4, Pages 1164-1169 (October 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.059 Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 Quantification of ATP in oocytes retrieved from female golden hamsters with or without the injection of PMSG and/or hCG. Significant increases in ATP production were detected in oocytes after the injection of 15 IU of hCG, or of 15 IU each of PMSG and hCG, compared with the control (no injection). However, less ATP production was observed in the oocytes after the injection of 5 or 15 IU of PMSG than in the controls. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference (P<.05). Lee. Gonadotropin and ATP production in oocyte. Fertil Steril 2006. Fertility and Sterility 2006 86, 1164-1169DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.059) Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 Mitochondrial activity of oocytes retrieved from female golden hamsters with or without the injection of PMSG and/or hCG. Activity was evaluated by measuring the ratio of activated to less-activated mitochondria in a confocal image with JC-1 staining. There was no significant (P=.2209) difference among the treatment groups. Lee. Gonadotropin and ATP production in oocyte. Fertil Steril 2006. Fertility and Sterility 2006 86, 1164-1169DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.059) Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 3 Comparison of mtDNA number in oocytes retrieved from female golden hamsters with or without the injection of PMSG and/or hCG. Data are represented by box and whisker plots: the box indicates the range between the 25 and 75 percentiles, and the solid and dotted lines in the box show the median and mean values, respectively. The whiskers represent the distribution of values, and the black dots show the minimal and maximal numbers. A significant increase in the number of mtDNA was detected after the injection of 15 IU of hCG, or of 15 IU of PMSG and 15 IU of hCG, compared with the control. abP<.05. Lee. Gonadotropin and ATP production in oocyte. Fertil Steril 2006. Fertility and Sterility 2006 86, 1164-1169DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.059) Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 4 Quantification of pyruvate uptake in oocytes retrieved from female golden hamsters with or without the injection of PMSG and/or hCG. Compared with the control (no injection), a significant increase in uptake was detected in oocytes retrieved after the injection of 15 IU of PMSG and 15 IU of hCG. *P<.05 vs. control. Lee. Gonadotropin and ATP production in oocyte. Fertil Steril 2006. Fertility and Sterility 2006 86, 1164-1169DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.059) Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions