Bell Ringer (Feb 1) *Title a sheet of paper Bell Ringers *Put your name in top right corner *Put today’s date in margin *Answer the question: If all things in the Universe are made up of matter, what is matter made up of? Restate the question into your answer.
Atomic Structure (The Atom) (Page 89)
Atomic Structure (The Atom) Essential Question: What makes an element different from other elements? Gold Carbon
ATOMS *Atom - the smallest particle of matter that keeps its physical/chemical properties. *The building blocks of all matter.
ATOMS *How small? 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
*How small? Electron Microscope http://viewpure.com/yQP4UJhNn0I?start=0&end=0
Part 1 - Structure of Atoms
1) Nucleus – center of the atom where protons and neutrons are located
Nucleus – small, but very dense
**Protons – positively ( + ) charged particles
*have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
**Neutrons – neutrally charged particles
*Slightly more mass than a proton (1amu)
*Equal number of protons and neutrons (sometimes more neutrons)
2) Electron cloud –where the electrons orbit the nucleus
*The orbital paths are random
**Electrons – negatively charged particles ( -- )
*have a very small mass (0 amu) **1,800 electrons equals the mass of one proton.
*always same number of electrons as protons
*Electron shells – the orbital paths of the electrons 1 – 2 2 – 8 3 – 18 4 – 32 5 - 32 6 – 18 7 – 8
*The orbital paths are random
Electron shells – Boron ( 5 electrons)
Electron shells – Aluminum (13 electrons)
Electron cloud – What keeps the electrons from flying out of the atom?
The attraction between the nucleus (positive charge) and the electrons (negative charge)
**The overall (net) charge of an atom is 0 (7+) + (7-) = 0 Protons Electrons
Bell Ringer (Feb 2) An atom has 10 protons and 12 neutrons. What is the mass of the atom’s nucleus? Defend your answer.
Atomic Structure (The Atom) Essential Question: What makes an element different from other elements? Gold Carbon
Part 2 - How are Atoms Described *Each type of atom is unique The different combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons produce atoms with different properties. The number of each kind of particle within the atom determines what kind of atom (element) it is.
How are Atoms Described *Atomic number – the number of protons in an atom
Atomic numbers Lithium 3 Boron 5
Every lithium atom has 3 protons Every boron atom has 5 protons
What is the atomic number of this Nitrogen atom? 7
*Atomic mass – the total mass of an atom (add the protons and neutrons) Atomic mass Lithium - 6
What is the atomic mass of this Nitrogen atom? 14
What is the atomic mass of this Boron atom? 11
Isotopes – atoms of an element with different # of protons and neutrons
6 6 6 15 80 13 13 80 80 13 28 160 12 Carbon Atom Aluminum Atom Mercury Atom # of protons 6 # of neutrons 15 80 # of electrons 13 Atomic number Atomic Mass number Net charge 13 80 6 80 6 13 28 160 12
Conclusion Draw an atom with 5 protons, 7 neutrons, and 5 electrons (Label each particle)
Draw a sketch of an atom with 6 protons, Bell Ringer (Feb 5) Draw a sketch of an atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons. (Do this in color and label each particle)