Preparing Solutions & Colligative Properties

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Presentation transcript:

Preparing Solutions & Colligative Properties

Preparing Solutions

Solid—Liquid

Example How many grams of calcium chloride would be dissolved in 2.5L of a 0.10 M aqueous calcium chloride solution? How many grams of sodium hydroxide are in 2.5 L of a 4.0M sodium hydroxide solution? How many grams of sodium hydroxide are in 350 mL of a 2.3M solution?

Liquid—Liquid = = Dilution MiVi MfVf Dilution Moles of solute Add Solvent Moles of solute before dilution (i) after dilution (f) = MiVi MfVf =

Example What volume, in milliliters, of a 2.00M calcium chloride stock solution would you use to make 0.50L of a 0.300M calcium chloride solution? What volume in milliliters of a 12.0M hydrochloric acid solution would you use to make 2.50L of a 2.00M hydrochloric acid solution?

Colligative Properties Vapor pressure lowering Boiling point increasing Freezing point lowering

Resulting Freezing Point Effect of Concentration Solute Added to Water Resulting Freezing Point Just water 0°C 1 mol sugar −1.86°C 1 mol NaCl −3.72°C 1 mol CaCl2 −5.78°C