Branches of Science Biology- study of living things. Ecology- study of all living things and their environment. Chemistry- study of elements and their reactions. Physics- Study of matter,energy, & how things move. Geology- study of the earth and how it changes. Astronomy- study of the stars and planets. Meteorology- study of weather.

Scientific Method Problem- Question you want to solve Scientific Method Problem- Question you want to solve. Hypothesis- Possible solution to the problem. Materials- items you need to experiment. Experimental Procedures- step by step instructions to perform experiment. Observation- taking measurements and using your 5 senses. Conclusion- Answers your hypothesis and tells what happened in the experiment.

Scientific Method Control- standard used to compare to Scientific Method Control- standard used to compare to. Constant- things that stay the same. Independent Variable- what the experimenter changes, X-axis. Dependent Variable- what you measure and responds to I.V.

Terms: Science- invention or discovery. Technology- applied science Terms: Science- invention or discovery. Technology- applied science. Inference- conclusion based on an observation or previous knowledge. Observation-taking measurements or using your 5 senses. Theory- experiment tested 1,000’s of times, explanation as to why something happens. Law- rule in nature Model- representation of an idea or object.

Metric Prefixes kilo- means 1,000 hecto- 100 deka-10 base units meter, gram, & liter – 1 deci- 1/10 or .1 centi- 1/100 or .01 milli- 1/1000 or .001

Physical and Chemical Properties Color, odor, texture flammability, Density, size, phase corrosion, rust Luster, hardness Paper crumbled burning a candle Glass breaking digesting food Boiling water metal rusting Ice melting Physical and Chemical changes

Tool. Unit Length - ruler. cm Volume - ruler. cm3 Tool Unit Length - ruler cm Volume - ruler cm3 graduated cylinder mL Mass - balance scale g Temperature – thermometer ° C K ° F

Derived or calculated Quantities Formula. Units. Area Derived or calculated Quantities Formula Units Area = L x W cm2 Density = mass g/mL volume g/cm3, or g/cc

States of Matter ex. Diagram Solid – def. shape & volume - atoms tightly packed - Move slow Liquid – no def. shape. -Def. volume - atoms loosely packed - move faster than solid Gas- No def. shape nor volume - atoms far apart - move faster than a liquid.

3 ways to measure volume 1. read lowest part of meniscus mL 2 3 ways to measure volume 1. read lowest part of meniscus mL 2. V= L x W x H cm3 3. V = V final – V initial mL to cm3

Mass- # of atoms an object has Weight- gravity pulling on mass Mass- # of atoms an object has Weight- gravity pulling on mass. Inertia- resistance to movement which depends on mass. Gravity- attractive force between objects that keeps the solar system aligned.

Temperature- how hot or cold an object is measured with a thermometer Temperature- how hot or cold an object is measured with a thermometer. Scales 1. Celsius 2.Kelvin 3.Fahrenheit Converting from C to K °C + 273 = K Boiling 100 °C 212 °F Freezing 0 °C 32 °F Room 20°C 70 °F Body 37°C 98.6 °F

Density diagrams & logic problems Oil H2O Molasses B A C A B B C C A

Phase change diagram A = solid F= condensation B = melting C= liquid G = freezing D = boiling E = gas

Melting - solid to liquid Boiling - liquid to gas Condensation – gas to liquid Freezing – liquid to solid Sublimation - solid to gas directly Which absorb energy? Which release energy? Endothermic -absorbs Exothermic- releases

Rounding to the nearest tenth if more that 5 raise the score if less it stays the same 1.56 = 1.6 cm 1.23 = 1.2 cm Include unit whenever possible!

Molasses D = 1.2 g/cc Oil D= .8 g/cc Put the name of the liquid in the right spot in the beaker below. Alcohol D= .5 g/cc Oil H2O D= 1.0 g/cc Molasses Copper D= 8.5 g/cc