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Physical &Chemical Properties

Physical & Chemical Topics Physical properties Chemical properties Rule of thumb Matter

Physical Property Observable property Observed without changing the identity of the substance Substance remains the same Only appearance changes Ex. State, color, size, melting point, boiling point, solubility

Physical Change Alters a substance without changing its composition. Physical property changes but substance remains same. can be “easily” undone Ex. cut, bend, phase change, solubility,density

Examples of Physical Change Cut Phase change

Physical properties Extensive - depends on the amount of matter. Arbor Scientific

Physical properties Intensive - does NOT depend on the amount of matter. Topics University of Cambridge

Chemical Property Describes how a substance changes into a new substance. Describes a substance’s ability to change. Example - flammability (ability to burn)

Chemical Change Changing one substance into a new & different substance. Process by which substance changes Starting substance = reactant Ending substance (new) = product ex. burning, respiration, digestion, rusting, baking a cake

Examples of Chemical Change Baking bread Rusting Respiration Digestion Burning

Rule of Thumb If a precipitate, gas, energy change or sometimes color change occurs a chemical change has probably taken place. Topics Petrucci, Harwood, & Herring

Matter anything with mass and volume mass – measure of the amount of matter. volume – how much space it takes up.

Matter Anything with mass and volume Examples of matter Chair Person Book Examples of not matter Light Heat

Matter Is air matter?

Atom Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. building block of all matter fundamental particle PowerMasters Motorsports Academy

Element made of only one kind of atom simplest form of matter that can exist under normal conditions cannot be separated into simpler substances under normal conditions approx 90 naturally occurring (others artificial)

Periodic Table Lanthanides * I II IIIb IVb Vb VIb VIIb VIIIb Ib IIb                                                                                                        1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18  H   He   Li   Be   B   C   N   O   F   Ne   Na   Mg   Al   Si   P   S   Cl   Ar   K   Ca   Sc   Ti   V   Cr   Mn   Fe   Co   Ni   Cu   Zn   Ga   Ge   As   Se   Br   Kr   Rb   Sr   Y   Zr   Nb   Mo   Tc   Ru  Rh Pd Ag Cd  In   Sn   Sb   Te   Xe   Cs   Ba   La*   Hf   Ta   W   Re   Os  Ir Pt Au Hg  Tl   Pb   Bi   Po   At   Rn   Fr   Ra   Ac**  Rf   Db   Sg   Bh   Hs  Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uuq Uuh Uuo  Lanthanides *  Ce   Pr   Nd   Pm   Sm  Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu  Actinides **  Th   Pa   U   Np   Pu  Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Molecule Smallest unit of a compound Charlene Marsh 2/24/2019 Molecule Smallest unit of a compound Compound - substance made from the atoms of two or more elements chemically bonded. Topics PowerMasters Motorsports Academy

Pure Substances elements and compounds made of only one kind of matter same throughout same every where in world ex. sugar (C12H22O11), copper (Cu)

Classification of Matter

Mixtures physical blend of two or more substances variable composition matter that can be physically separated ex. air, forest, beef stew, gold jewelry

Classification of Matter

Heterogeneous Mixture heterogeneous – not uniform composition two or more groups ex. tossed salad, milk straight from the cow

Homogenous Mixture uniform composition evenly distributed ex. salt water, Kool-Aide, gold jewelry.

Classification of Matter

Colloid mixture between homogeneous and heterogeneous. particles do not settle scatters light appears cloudy.

Tyndall Effect

Classification of Matter

Reference page Arbor Scientific. (2002). Retrieved July 22, 2003 from http://www.arborsci.com/Products_Pages/Measurement/Measurement1.htm Petrucci, R., Harwood, W., Herring, G. (2000). Retrieved July 22, 2003 from General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications Web site: http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/19.html PowerMasters Motorsports Academy, curriculum samples, chemistry basics. (2001-2002). Retrieved July 22, 2003 from Web site: http://www.powermasters.com/Matter/matter%20page%2003.html University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Materials Group. (2002). Retrieved July 22, 2003 from Web site: http://www-materials.eng.cam.ac.uk/mpsite/properties/non-IE/density.html

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