Distinguish between codon and anticodon.

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Distinguish between codon and anticodon. Warm Up Distinguish between codon and anticodon.

What might be some consequences of a mutation.

Changes in DNA can lead to the appearance of new traits.

Alterations during Replication What is Replication? causes a difference in the nucleotide chain causes a difference in the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA WHY? cause different amino acids to be brought to the ribosome WHY?

Mutations A permanent change that occurs in a cell’s DNA Types of mutations Point mutation Insertion Deletion

Point Mutation Change in just one base pair. original : AUG ACG GAG mutation: AUG AGG GAG When one base is exchanged for another this is a SUBSTITUTION

Substitutions Silent mutations Missensse mutations Nonsense mutation No change in amino acid Missensse mutations Code for wrong amino acid Nonsense mutation Change codon to a stop codon Cause translation to stop early Lead to proteins that cannot function normally

Insertion too many nucleotides in a sequence nucleotides are incorrectly grouped frameshift mutation occurs incorrect instructions for the assembly of a protein are created

Deletions cause too little nucleotides in a sequence nucleotides are incorrectly grouped frameshift mutation occurs incorrect instructions for the assembly of a protein are created.

Causes of Mutations Can occur spontaneously Chemicals and radiation also can damage DNA. High-energy forms of radiation, such as X rays and gamma rays, are highly mutagenic. Things that cause mutations are caused mutagens

Body-cell v. Sex-cell Mutation Somatic cell mutations are not passed on to the next generation. Mutations that occur in sex cells are passed on to the organism’s offspring and will be present in every cell of the offspring.

Quiz Analyze how changes in DNA and potential appearance of new trait. Describe the following: Alterations during replication. Insertions Deletions Substitutions