People from the New Nation Ms. Quealy Grade 8 Social Studies

George Washington

George Washington He was a slave owner and planter from Virginia Fought in the French & Indian War Served as Commander of the Continental Army Served as President of the Philadelphia Convention First President of the United States, 1789-1797

George Washington As President, he set many precedents Neutrality – established that the US should not have to take sides in European conflicts Isolationism – in his farewell address, Washington recommended that the US stay out of the affairs of all other countries Term Limits – served two terms (8 yrs.) most other Presidents followed his example Naming Rights –asked to be called “Mr. President” – the name stuck

John Adams

John Adams Cranky lawyer from Massachusetts Wrote the Massachusetts Constitution Helped write the Declaration of Independence Negotiated the Treaty of Paris Ambassador to Britain First Vice-President of the United States 1789-1797 Second President of the United States 1797-1801 Member of the Federalist Party

John Adams As President: Signed the un-popular Alien & Sedition Acts Supported the Jay Treaty Involved in the XYZ Affair Created the United States Navy Avoided War with Britain, which he considered to be his greatest accomplishment Died on July 4, 1726, the same day as Thomas Jefferson, & the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson He was also a planter and slave owner from Virginia He was one of the authors of the Declaration of Independence Served as ambassador to France Secretary of State 1789-1793 Vice President 1797-1801 President from, 1801-1809

Thomas Jefferson As President: Purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million Successfully fought the Barbary Pirates in North Africa Passed the very unpopular Embargo Act which halted trade with Great Britain and France Renewed the Bank of the United States Sent Merriwether Lewis & William Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory & look for the Northwest Passage (a water route to the Pacific Ocean)

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury, 1789-1793 born in the Caribbean, moved to New York served as an artillery officer and aide to Washington during the Revolution. He helped organize the Philadelphia Convention was the primary author of The Federalist Papers Leader of the Federalist Party Secretary of the Treasury, 1789-1793

Alexander Hamilton As Secretary of the Treasury, wrote the report on the credit of the United States; and attempted to push through the National Bank and the assumption of all debts Spent most of his career trying to repair the credit of the United States Died in a duel against the Vice President of the US, Aaron Burr

John Marshall

John Marshall Born in Virginia, served in the House of Representatives Cousin of Thomas Jefferson Leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 1801-1835

John Marshall As Chief Justice Longest serving Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Established Judicial Review through the case of Marbury vs. Madison Supported Federalism & Rule of Law

John Jay

John Jay Born in NYC President of the Continental Congress Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Continental Congress negotiated the Treaty of Paris Contributed to the Federalist Papers Ambassador to Spain First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 1789-1795

John Jay As Chief Justice Helped to establish all of the rules and procedures for the Supreme Court & the lower circuit courts Tried to maintain neutrality for Supreme Court in legislative issues Helped to negotiate the unpopular Jay Treaty which avoided war with Britain until the War of 1812 He later became governor of New York and helped to abolish slavery in that states

James Madison

James Madison Also, wait for it… a planter from Virginia Considered to be the “Father of the Constitution” Wrote many of The Federalist Papers Wrote the Bill of Rights Was a member of the House of Representatives Was Thomas Jefferson’s Secretary of State, 1801-1809 President of the United States, 1809-1817

James Madison As President The US went to war with Britain during the War of 1812 Washington D.C. was invaded by British troops and most of the city was burned – Madison’s wife Dolly is credited with saving the most valuable items from the Presidential Mansion The “Star Spangled Banner” was written after an attack on Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor The USS Constitution fought many naval battles

James Monroe

James Monroe Guess where he was from? Fought in the American Revolution Helped to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase Served as James Madison’s Secretary of State (1809-1817) and Secretary of War (1814-1815) At other times he was been ambassador to England, ambassador to London and Governor of Virginia President of the United States, 1817-1825

James Monroe As president Presided over the Era of Good Feelings, essentially one of the most peaceful and prosperous times in American History Issued the Monroe Doctrine, which told the countries of Europe to stay out of the affairs of the Americas

John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams Was a lawyer from Massachusetts & the son of President John Adams Served most of his time as ambassadors to other nations including Russia, Prussia, the Netherlands & the United Kingdom As Secretary of State (1817-1825) he negotiated for the northern border of the US, purchase Florida from Spain and wrote the Monroe Doctrine President of the United States from 1825-1829

John Quincy Adams As President He suffered through one of the worst and most controversial Presidential elections ever Was not popular, because most felt as though Andrew Jackson should have been President Focused on internal improvements for the United States After his presidency, he served in the US House of Representatives until 1848

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson Violent, stubborn plantation and slave owner from Tennessee Fought in the War o1812, especially at the famous US victory at the Battle of New Orleans Served in the Senate and the House of Representatives Invaded Florida illegally, which resulted in the US negotiating for the purchase of Florida from Spain President of the United States 1829-1837

Andrew Jackson As president He was one of the most controversial presidents He destroyed the bank of the United States Instituted the Spoils System Passed the Native American Removal Act Caused the Panic of 1837 Passed universal white, male suffrage