Predicting Products: single & double replacement reactions

AB + C  Single Replacement AB is an ionic compound and C is a single element. In order for the single element to replace another – it must be STRONGER!!! Use Activity Series to see who is stronger - the strongest element is “on top of” or higher on the list. If the single element is stronger – it will replace another element in the compound If the single element is NOT stronger – NO RXN will take place

AB + C  Single Replacement If the stronger element: is a metal, it replaces the metal in the compound (cation.) CuSO4 + Zn  is a non-metal, it replaces the nonmetal in the compound (anion.) LiI + F2  Remember correct charges and diatomics! Then balance at the end. Cu + ZnSO4 I2 + LiF 2 2

Practice Al + Cu(NO3)2  ____________ + ____________ Ni + CaCO3  ____________ + ____________ Rb + BaSO4  ____________ + ____________ Mg + LiOH  ____________ + ___________ Fe + AgNO3  ____________ + ____________ K + Sr3(PO4)2  ____________ + ____________

AB + CD  Double Displacement AB and CD are both ionic compounds. NEVER use the activity series for these reactions All ions switch partners (+ with -)

AB + CD  Double Displacement Separate each compound & write their charges. Switch places and re-write new compounds. Example: Pb(NO3)2 + KI  Pb2+ NO3- K+ I- Pb2+ I- K+ NO3- Balance at the end 2 PbI2 + KNO3 2

Using Solubility Rules Use solubility rules to determine if a precipitate will be produced. Reaction will only occur to completion if… A precipitate (solid) is produced Gas is produced Water is formed

Solubility Rules Salts of the alkali metals and ammonium are always soluble. Nitrates, chlorates, acetates are all soluble Compounds containing ions of sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and ammonium are all soluble Halides are soluble except those of silver, lead II, mercury I (Hg+22), and Mercury II (Hg+2) Sulfates are soluble except lead II, Mercury I, Barium, Calcium, and Silver. Carbonates, phosphates, borates(BO3-1), sulfites, chromates, and arsenates (AsO4) are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium, ammonium, hydrogen and lithium Sulfides are insoluble except for those of barium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and hydrogen. Hydroxides are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium. Calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide are moderately soluble. Always soluble: Alkali metals and Ammonium