Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment History of Flight Revision 1.00

Map Reading Learning Outcome 1: Have an appreciation of the history of lighter-than-air craft and the methods of control applied to airships

Objectives Describe the evolution of manned flight from balloons to airships. 2. Explain why balloons fly. 3. Explain how modern airships are controlled.

History of Flight Man takes to the Air!! Or does he? Leonardo da Vinci 1452 - 1519

History of Flight 6 Jan 1745 – 2 Aug 1799 26 Aug 1740 – 26 Jun 1810 Etienne Montgolfier 6 Jan 1745 – 2 Aug 1799 Joseph Montgolfier 26 Aug 1740 – 26 Jun 1810 Hot Air Balloon 12m diameter, Rose 305m (1000 ft). 25 April 1783 Annonay in France

History of Flight King Louis XVI not impressed, but did offer finance. 19 September 1793 King Louis XVI not impressed, but did offer finance. Montgolfier Brothers

History of Flight Died with Pierre Romain 30 Mar 1754 – 15 Jun 1785 trying to cross the English Channel. 30 Mar 1754 – 15 Jun 1785 Francois Pilatre de Rozier with Marquis d’Alandes, 9km flight.

History of Flight Hydrogen filled balloon Jacques Charles 12 Nov 1746 – 7 Apr 1823 1 Dec 1793 Flew 43 km (27 miles) Witnessed by 400,000 people.

Flew half a mile and 350 ft high. History of Flight First Flight on 27 Aug 1784. 30 ft diameter/40 ft high. Filled with Hot Air. Flew half a mile and 350 ft high. James Tytler 1745 - 1804

How do Balloons Fly? Imagine a Balloon the size of a house! It has ½ tonne of Helium. It will Displace about 4 tonnes of Air. Help The difference between these 2 weights is the Lifting Force.

How do Balloons Fly? Hot Air inside the Balloon is Less Dense than the Air Outside.

Airships

How are Airships Controlled? Helium Ballonets Tail Arrangements Air Valves Air Pump

Airships- Ascends Helium Ballonets Contract Tail Arrangements Air Valves Air Pump Air released into atmosphere reducing weight and allowing the Helium gas to expand, giving more Lift.

Airships- Descends Ballonets Expand Air Pump Air pumped into the Ballonets adding weight and compressing the Helium gas so that Lift is reduced.

Airships – Problems? Hindenberg Disaster – 6 May 1937 What was it filled with? Hydrogen!

The Present Stephane Rousson (39) At 8 am, on 28 Sep 08, Stephane Rousson attempted to cross the English Channel from Hythe in Kent to Wissan in France. The attempt failed 11 miles from the destination due to strong headwinds. He was recovered by boat to France.

The Future

Objectives Describe the evolution of manned flight from balloons to airships. 2. Explain why balloons fly. 3. Explain how modern airships are controlled.

Questions In which year did the Montgolfier brothers first fly their Hot Air Balloon? 1673. 1783. 1883. 1973.

Questions Who first flew a man-carrying Hydrogen-filled Balloon? Leonardo da Vinci. Montgolfier. Charles. De Rozier.

What are modern Airships filled with? Questions What are modern Airships filled with? Helium. Hydrogen. Butane. Propane.

Questions An Airship rises when: The Ballonets empty and the Helium gas expands. The Ballonets empty and the Helium gas is compressed. The Ballonets are filled with air and the Helium gas is compressed. The Ballonets are filled with air and the Helium gas expands.