Seasons, capacity and funding This session will look at the impacts on response of climatic seasons, available human capacity and funding cycles Vietnam, 2000

Session objectives ! The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies

Session objectives ! The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies

Aim: seasons To ensure that the impact of seasons upon the affected populations as well as shelter and construction activities are foreseen and taken into account

Seasons: factors to consider Affected populations and operations are particularly vulnerable to seasonal weather extremes Seasonal factors to consider include: cyclones - can prevent building work and damage transitional settlements cold winters - populations may need additional NFIs to improve thermal comfort and snow can prevent access to remote areas hot summers - may limit access to water for construction rainy seasons and monsoons - can slow on-site construction works and flooding may prevent access to remote locations

Seasons: scheduling of construction Indonesia, 2005 Each region has its own construction seasons, for example between monsoons or winters good construction seasons year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 need disaster time Shelter NFIs for transitional settlement Shelter NFIs for reconstruction

Seasons: impact on affected populations Seasons impact on affected populations in a number of ways including the following: the types of hazards people face – eg, floods and storms the performance required of buildings and settlements accessibility of sites, including the transport of materials the type of materials available – eg, straw for thatch construction techniques that can be undertaken – eg, mud bricks cannot be made in the rainy season as they will not dry the availability of local labour – eg, in farming communities the harvest will take priority over building projects

Session objectives ! The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies

Aim: capacity To ensure that sufficient and appropriate capacity is available to undertake the transitional settlement and reconstruction needed for each phase of response

Capacity: affected population The affected population’s capacity for construction is initially small as they are occupied with survival. They later have a large capacity which will slowly decrease as livelihoods are resumed Capacity of the affected population need capacity interrupted by harvests Shelter NFIs for transitional settlement Shelter NFI’s for reconstruction disaster time capacity matches demand survival, search and rescue reduce capacity from construction

Capacity: construction industry The capacity of the local construction industry initially decreases and then increases as services, utilities and material supplies are re-established Capacity of available construction industry need Capacity will increase to meet demand Shelter NFI’s for transitional settlement Shelter NFI’s for reconstruction disaster time capacity decrease caused by: disruption to access and utilities disruption to material supply disruption to workforce capacity matches demand

Capacity: government Government capacity for planning and regulating construction will increase with the establishment of a task force and will then decrease over time in line with need Government capacity for planning and regulating construction need Shelter NFI’s for transitional settlement Shelter NFI’s for reconstruction disaster time creation of task force handover to line ministries

Capacity: international community Humanitarian community capacity will have an initial peak for Search And Rescue (SAR) This is followed by emergency response and then the larger, longer term, main agency capacity Main international community response need assessment and emergency response Shelter NFI’s for transitional settlement Shelter NFI’s for transitional reconstruction disaster time Search And Rescue (SAR)

Capacity: Owner and contactor driven ‘Owner driven’ reconstruction is where the eventual owners and occupiers of buildings: - remain in control of the type and implementation of works undertaken - are supported in managing external inputs of labour and materials as resources ‘Owner driven’ is not the same as ‘self-help’ or community labour

Capacity: Owner and contactor driven ‘Contractor driven’ reconstruction is perceived as negative when contracts awarded do not involve and represent beneficiaries The following points may be useful in clarifying for non-specialists that owner driven reconstruction may involve contractors: the affected population may have insufficient capacity or skill vulnerable individuals and groups may require assistance contractors may be able to better implement hazard mitigation measures, such as seismic resistant construction most vernacular building involves paid labour for some activities a sustainable change is required in the construction industry in order that populations may better manage risk

Session objectives 176 ! The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies

Aim: funding To take into account the effect of funding cycles on constructional requirements and allowing effective project management. To ensure equitable support is provided to all effected groups regardless of: vulnerability or prejudice geographic origin if they are displaced or non-displaced if they are land owners, tenants or without land rights

Funding: cycles Post-disaster funding comes from a number of different sources, each with their own cycles and response patterns International Financial Institutions (IFIs) emergency contingency funds amount Government funds bilateral donations to agencies Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) public appeals disaster time

Funding: cycles seasons capacity funding It is very rare for construction seasons to coincide with operational requirements and funding cycles Mapping each cycle enables forward planning and critical path analysis year 3 year 4 year 2 year 1 seasons funding capacity

Discussion Each group will have 10 minutes: seasons, capacities in groups Each group will have 10 minutes: Group 1: seasons and construction Group 2: government capacity Group 3: construction capacity Group 4: humanitarian capacity Group 5: funding capacity Each group will consider: Which general points were not discussed? What mitigation measures exist? seasons, capacities A. general points B. mitigation measures Each group agrees a key point Key point