All Mouse Ventral Spinal Cord Patterning by Hedgehog Is Gli Dependent and Involves an Activator Function of Gli3 C.Brian Bai, Daniel Stephen, Alexandra.

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All Mouse Ventral Spinal Cord Patterning by Hedgehog Is Gli Dependent and Involves an Activator Function of Gli3 C.Brian Bai, Daniel Stephen, Alexandra L. Joyner Developmental Cell Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 103-115 (January 2004) DOI: 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0

Figure 1 Reduced Gli1-lacZ Expression in Gli3 Mutant Embryos (A–F) Whole-mount X-gal staining of Gli1-lacZ at E10.5. (D–F) Higher power images of forelimbs (outlined by white dots) of embryos shown in (A)–(C). (G–J) X-gal staining of Gli1-lacZ in cervical spinal cord sections at E9.5. (G) and (H) were stained for 3 hr, (I) and (J) overnight. Brackets indicate the extent of staining. Scale bar: (A–C) 1 mm, (D–F) 0.22 mm, (G–J) 50 μm. Developmental Cell 2004 6, 103-115DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0)

Figure 2 Both Gli2 and Gli3 Are Required for Expression of Gli1 (A, C, and E) In wt embryos, Gli1-lacZ can be detected in the CNS (arrow), gut (arrowhead), and limb bud (outlined by red dots) from E8.5 to E10.5. (B, D, and F) In Gli2;Gli3 embryos, Gli1-lacZ expression is completely absent in all tissues. Developmental Cell 2004 6, 103-115DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0)

Figure 3 Strategy to Express GLI3 in Place of Gli2 (A) Gli2 genomic locus, targeting construct, and knockin allele (with and without neo). White boxes represent Gli2 untranslated exons, and black boxes represent translated exons. P1-P4 represent PCR genotyping primers. Arrowheads indicate loxP sites. Transcription of neo is in the opposite direction of Gli3. (B) Southern blot analysis of ES cell DNA digested with BamHI. Lanes 1 and 3 are from wt ES cells, lanes 2 and 4 from targeted cells. The size in kb is shown on the right. (C) Western blot analysis of GLI3 protein expressed from the Gli2 locus. Gli3 can be detected as full-length (FL) and truncated (R) forms in wild-type (WT) but not Gli3−/− embryos. When GLI3 is expressed in place of Gli2, FL and R forms are detected. Note that there is slightly more full-length GLI3 in the Gli23ki/3ki;Gli3−/− embryos than in Gli23ki/+;Gli3−/− embryos. For the trunk sample, the region between the forelimbs and hindlimbs (with heart and gut removed) were used. Developmental Cell 2004 6, 103-115DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0)

Figure 4 Activator Function of Gli3 Can Partially Induce Floor Plate Cells and V3 Interneurons (A) Forelimb (FL) and hindlimb (HL) sections from the mutants shown and stained with antibodies to the proteins indicated. (B) X-gal staining of Gli1-lacZ showing a substantial rescue of Gli1-lacZ expression in Gli23ki/3ki embryos compared to Gli2−/− embryos except in the brain (arrowhead) and posterior regions. Scale bar: (A) 50 μm, (B) 0.4 mm. Developmental Cell 2004 6, 103-115DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0)

Figure 5 Ventral Spinal Cord Defects in Embryos Lacking All Gli Function Sections from Gli2;Gli3 and wt embryos stained with antibodies to the proteins indicated. (A–J) Floor plate (Shh) and V3 interneurons (Nkx2.2) are not present, MNs (HB9/MNR2) are reduced, Pax6 is expanded ventral, and Pax7 is normal. (K–R) MN, V2, V1, and V0 interneurons can be detected in Gli2;Gli3 mutant embryos, but are intermixed in the ventral spinal cord. Note: fewer postmitotic neurons were detected in the hindlimb (HL) than forelimb (FL) region of Gli2;Gli3 mutant embryos than in wt embryos. (S–Z) Sections stained for progenitors of MN (Olig2), V3 (Nkx2.2), V1 (Dbx1), and V2 + MN + V3 (Nkx6.1). Progenitors for MN, V1, and V2 are present but intermixed. Scale bar: (A–J) 50 μm, (K–Z) 94 μm. Developmental Cell 2004 6, 103-115DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0)

Figure 6 Overproliferation in Embryos Lacking Gli Function Is Accompanied by Upregulation of Cyclin D1 In spinal cord sections, proliferating progenitor cells in the ventricular zones are labeled with BrdU and Cyclin D1 by antibody staining. Nuclei are marked with Hoeschst. The pattern of BrdU incorporation remains largely unchanged in Gli2−/− or Gli3−/− embryos (E–G, J–K) compared to wt (A–C), but is expanded in the ventral spinal cord in Gli2−/−;Gli3−/− embryos (M–O). Cyclin D1 is slightly reduced in Gli2−/− embryos (H), slightly increased in Gli3−/− embryos (L), and upregulated throughout the ventral spinal cord in Gli2;Gli3 mutants (P) compared to wt (D). The contour of the spinal cord and spinal canal is outlined by dotted lines. Scale bar: 50 μm. Developmental Cell 2004 6, 103-115DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0)

Figure 7 The Role of Each Gli Protein in Mouse (A) Summary of the mouse Gli mutant spinal cord phenotypes at E10.5. The expanded ventral spinal cord in Gli2;Gli3 and Smo;Gli3 mutants is not shown. (B) Specific contribution of Gli activators to the generation of floor plate, V3 interneurons, and MNs. Thickness of lines and size of circles indicate relative contributions. See text for details. Developmental Cell 2004 6, 103-115DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00394-0)