Vocabulary List 15 -Convoy -Armistice -National Self-determination -Reparations -Poison gas caused: (p 195) -Zeppelins (p 195) -14 Points (p 197) -League of Nations (p 198) -Treaty of Versailles (p 198)

World War I Combat in WWI

I. New Technology A) Artillery = Cannons, fired from very far away "God fights on the side with the best artillery” -Napoleon

I. New Tech (cont…) B) Trench Warfare - vast networks, fenced with barbed wire

I. New Tech (cont..) C) Chemical Weapons - sickened, blinded and suffocated soldiers Do not write Mustard Gas - The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, their eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful. Fatally injured victims sometimes took four or five weeks to die of mustard gas exposure.

I. New Tech (cont…) D) Tanks - could roll across trenches/barbed wire E) Airplanes - outfitted with bombs/guns

WW1 in Color

II. Effects of US into War A) Russia Leaves the War 1917 Russian Revolution Begins Vladimir Lenin’s Bolsheviks establish Communist Russia, pull Russia out of War Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Russia gives up land for peace on Eastern Front → Now Germany concentrates on Western Front B) 2m Americans entered the fight (War going on 2 years) July 1917

III. Major Battles A) 7/15/1918 - Germans last offensive as they try to take Paris. French & Americans hold their ground B) 9/26/1918 - Battle of Argonne Forest - Americans open hole in German Line C) 10/1918 - Revolution in Austria-Hungary Both A-H & Ottoman Empire surrender D) 11/9/1918 - German Emperor steps down Armistice signed Nov 11, 1918 War is Over!!!!!!!!!!!!!

End of War Video

IV. Postwar Goals A) Goals: 1) British = want to punish Germany for starting war + make it pay reparations 2) French = want to reduce military B) Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points Free Trade, freedom of the seas, open diplomacy, disarmament Right of National Self-determination= new borders based by ethnicity/national identity League of Nations - all protect each others territory/political indepedence

V. Treaty of Versailles A) 27 delegates attend meeting in Versailles B) Terms of Treaty of Versailles: 1) Blames Germany for Starting War 2) Military/Navy downsized 3) Heavy reparations $33,000,000,000 4) Territory taken + Germany split in two 5) League of Nations created - aids members threatened with aggression 6) No freedom of sea/trade/end of colonial rule

VI. USA Rejects ToV A) American Senators opposed League of Nations: 1) Irreconcilables - said founders warned us against “entangling alliances” 2) Reservationists - would ratify treaty if it said USA Military action required approval by its congress. Woodrow Wilson refused Reservationist change because it undermines whole point of League.. B) League of Nations took shape without the USA

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