Physical Science: Chapter 15

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Presentation transcript:

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Section 2

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Properties of Waves Transverse Wave Medium moves at right angles to the direction of energy

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Properties of Waves Transverse Waves

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Properties of Waves Transverse Waves

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Properties of Waves Longitudinal (compressional) wave Medium moves in same direction as energy

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Properties of Waves Longitudinal/compressional waves Amplitude is how far the medium moves “sideways.”

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Properties of Waves Longitudinal/compressional waves

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Energy of Waves The energy of waves is determined by two factors: 1). Wave amplitude 2). Wave frequency

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Wave Energy-Transverse Waves 1. Since it takes more Work to move the medium a longer distance (W=F x d), the larger the wave amplitude the more energy.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Wave Energy-Longitudinal Waves 1. Since it takes more Work to move the medium a longer distance (W=F x d), the larger the wave amplitude the more energy.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Wave Energy 2. It takes more Power to move the medium quickly,(P=W/t)

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Wave Energy- 2. Since it takes uses more Power to move the medium quickly, the higher the frequency the greater the energy.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Waves Kinetic theory explains the difference speeds of mechanical waves through different materials.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Mechanical Waves Examples: Sound through air 340m/s Sound through water 1500m/s Sound through steel 5960m/s So the speed of mechanical waves depends on the medium

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Mechanical Waves In gases, atoms or molecules are far apart, so they must go through a lot of empty space before hitting another particle.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Waves Molecules in liquids are closer together so they can transfer energy to other molecules quicker than in gases.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Waves In solids, atoms or molecules are close together so they can transfer energy quickly to other atoms or molecules.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of EMR Waves EMR through vacuum = 3 x 108 m/s (compared to sound in air 340m/s ) Since EMR waves do NOT need a medium, they can travel faster. So the speed of waves depends on the type of wave AND the medium.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #3 1). Draw a transverse wave and label the crest, trough, wavelength and amplitude. 2). Draw a longitudinal wave and label the compression rarefaction,

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #3 3). What is the speed of light through a vacuum? 4). Do mechanical waves travel faster through gases, liquids or solids? 5). Do EMR waves travel faster through a vacuum or liquids?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #3 1). Draw a transverse wave and label the crest, trough, wavelength and amplitude.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #3 2). Draw a longitudinal wave and label compression, rarefaction, wavelength & amplitude.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #3 3). What is the speed of light through a vacuum? 3 x 108 m/s or 300,000,000m/s 4). Do mechanical waves travel faster through gases, liquids or solids? Solids 5). Do EMR waves travel faster through a vacuum or liquids? Vacuum

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods of Waves The period of a wave is the amount of time it takes for a wave to travel a distance of one wavelength.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods of Waves The period of a wave is measured in seconds.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Frequency of Waves The frequency of a wave is the number of full waves going past a point per second.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Frequency of Waves The frequency of a wave is measured in (wave) cycles per second, called Hertz (Hz)

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods and Frequency of Waves The frequency of a wave is equal to the inverse of its period. Frequency = 1 Period f = 1/t

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods and Frequency of Waves If Frequency = 1__ Period then Period = 1___ Frequency

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Waves: Calculations For ALL types of waves Speed = frequency x wavelength v = f x λ (this formula can also be used to calculate frequency & wavelength)

Speed of Waves: Calculations 1). If a sound wave has a wavelength of 1.55m and a frequency of 220Hz, how fast will the wave travel through air? 2). If a wave of red light has a wavelength of 5.0 x 10-9m what would be its frequency if it was traveling through a vacuum?(Hint: Need speed of light in a vacuum?) 3). If an ocean wave has a speed of 1.20 m/s what would be its wavelength if it has a frequency of 0.60Hz?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Waves: Calculations 1). If a sound wave has a wavelength of 1.55m and a frequency of 220Hz, how fast will the wave travel through air?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Waves: Calculations 1). If a sound wave has a wavelength of 1.55m and a frequency of 220Hz, how fast will the wave travel through air? Speed = frequency x wavelength v = f x λ v = 220Hz x 1.55m v = 341m/s

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves 2). If a wave of red light has a wavelength of 5.0 x 10-9m what would be its frequency if it was traveling through a vacuum? (Q. How fast does light travel through a vacuum?)

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves 2). If a wave of red light has a wavelength of 5.0 x10-9m what would be its frequency if it was traveling through a vacuum? Speed = frequency x wavelength v = f x λ 3.0 x 108m/s = f x 5.0 x 10-9m f = 6.0 x 1016Hz

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves 3). If an ocean wave has a speed of 1.20m/s what would be its wavelength if it has a frequency of 0.60Hz?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves 3). If an ocean wave has a speed of 1.20m/s what would be its wavelength if it has a frequency of 0.60Hz? Speed = frequency x wavelength v = f x λ 1.20m/s = 0.60Hz x λ λ = 2.0m

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Speed of Waves: Calculations Do Practice Problems p. 519 (1-3)

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods of Waves: Calculations 1). What would be the speed of a wave with a wavelength of 3.0m and a period of 2.0s?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods of Waves: Calculations 1). What would be the speed of a wave with a wavelength of 3.0m and a period of 2.0s? Speed = wavelength/period v = λ / T v = 3.0m / 2.0s = 1.5m/s

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods of Waves: Calculations 2). What would be the period of a light wave with a wavelength of 1.0 x10-5m?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Periods of Waves: Calculations 2). What would be the period of a light wave with a wavelength of 1.0 x10-5m? Period = wavelength/ speed T =λ/v= 1.0 x10-5m/3.0 x108m/s T = 3.3 x 10-14s

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Wave Properties: Frequency/Pitch The pitch of sound is determined by the frequency of sound waves AS HEARD by a person.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves The Doppler Effect The apparent change in the frequency of a wave due to the motion of the either the source or the observer (or both).

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves The Doppler Effect If the source of waves is moving toward a person the pitch sounds like it is increasing (waves are closer together)

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves The Doppler Effect If the source of waves is moving away the pitch sounds like it is decreasing.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves The Doppler Effect The Doppler Effect also works for EMR waves. If a star is moving closer, the light looks bluer.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves The Doppler Effect In astronomy, if a star is moving away from Earth, the light looks redder. If its moving towards Earth its light looks bluer.

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 1). If a wave has a wavelength of 0.5m and a frequency of 42Hz, what is the speed of the wave? 2). If a wave has a speed of 340m/s and a frequency of 2000Hz, how long is its wavelength?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 3). If a wave has a speed of 3 x108 m/s, and a wavelength of 0.01m, what is the frequency of the wave? 4). If a wave has a frequency of 60Hz, what is its period?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 5). What is the Doppler Effect? 6). If light is blue shifted what does that mean about the object?

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 1). If a wave has a wavelength of 0.5m and a frequency of 42Hz, what is the wave’s speed? v = f x λ v = 42Hz x 0.5m v = 21m/s

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 2). If a wave has a speed of 340m/s and a frequency of 2000Hz, how long is the wave? v = f x λ 340m/s = 2000Hz x λ λ = 340m/s = 0.17m 2000Hz

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 3). If a wave has a speed of 3 x108m/s, and a wavelength of 0.01m, what is the frequency? v = f x λ 3 x 108 m/s = f x 0.01m f = 3 x 108 m/s = 3 x 1010 Hz 0.01m

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 4). If a wave has a frequency of 60Hz,what is its period? f = 1 T T = 1 = 0.0167s 60Hz

Physical Science: Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Mini-Quiz #4 5). What is the Doppler Effect? The frequency (pitch for sounds) appears to increase as an object gets closer to the observer an decreases as the object moves away. 6). If light is blue shifted what does that mean about the object? Its moving closer.