2. How did tortoises and finches differ among the Galapagos islands? Start-up for 2-26-14 1. During Darwin’s journey, where did he go and what was his ship’s name? 2. How did tortoises and finches differ among the Galapagos islands? What did Darwin’s travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living species? 1. He travelled to the Galapagos Islands aboard the H.M.S. Beagle. 2. Finches had different beaks and tortoises had different shells, legs, necks and heads. 3. There were many diverse species that appeared to come from one ancestor.

Charles Darwin, Evolutionary Thought Chapter 15-2 and Part I of 15-3 Objectives: Students will A) Identify how 4 scientists’ ideas contributed to Darwin’s evolution theory. B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection C) List the three parts of Darwin’s theory of Evolution by Natural Selection D) Summarize the meaning of each part of the Natural Selection theory.

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s Thinking (Section 15-2) Objective A) Summarize how 4 scientists’ ideas contributed to Darwin’s evolution theory. Ideas that shaped Darwin’s Thinking (Section 15-2) Rapid advances in new field of geology (spurred by need to find coal and iron to fuel Industrial Revolution) set stage for Darwin’s ideas.

Scientists #1 and 2 Geologists: Hutton and Lyell Objective A) Summarize how 4 scientists’ ideas contributed to Darwin’s evolution theory. Scientists #1 and 2 Geologists: Hutton and Lyell Fundamentalists said that the earth was around 6000 years old Hutton and Lyell argued that the earth is many millions of years old b/c layers of rock take time to form processes such as volcanoes and earthquakes shaped the earth and still occur today What does this have to Darwin’s theory of evolution? EARTH IS MILLIONS OF YEARS OLD = TIME FOR EVOLUTION

Gave Darwin confidence to present ideas of evolution. Objective A) Summarize how 4 scientists’ ideas contributed to Darwin’s evolution theory. Scientist #3 Malthus’ book on limits to population growth has strong impact (struggle for existence, preservation of good traits, loss of bad traits). Scientist #4 Alfred Russell Wallace’s letter outlines basic principles of natural selection. Spurs Darwin into taking his ideas public. What does this have to Darwin’s theory of evolution? Leads to idea about competition for survival. Gave Darwin confidence to present ideas of evolution.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck Use and Disuse Objective A) Summarize how 4 scientists’ ideas contributed to Darwin’s evolution theory. Jean Baptiste Lamarck Use and Disuse Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Objective A) Summarize how 4 scientists’ ideas contributed to Darwin’s evolution theory. Notions advanced by other biologists have influence: Lamarck’s ideas about inheritance of acquired characteristics were wrong, but notion of change in organism over time was sound.

Darwin finally published his ideas in 1859 = On The Origin of Species Objective A) Summarize how 4 scientists’ ideas contributed to Darwin’s evolution theory. Darwin finally published his ideas in 1859 = On The Origin of Species Other naturalists were developing the same theory that Darwin did. Even though he was afraid of the Church’s reaction to his book he wanted to get credit for his work.

Evolution and Its Core Principles (Ch. 15) B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Evolution and Its Core Principles (Ch. 15) Evolution is a central theme in biology; it explains many riddles about striking similarities and astonishing differences seen in the form, function, behavior, and ecology of living things.

1) All life is linked through a common ancestor; Populations of living things change with time (evolve) The environment influences this change (natural selection) so that helpful traits are selected over less- helpful traits The helpful traits become more common in the population (descent through modification). B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Charles Darwin

Natural Selection B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection The traits that help an organism survive in a particular environment are “selected” in natural selection. Better camouflage = Better survival

B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection

B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection

B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection

Natural Selection Struggle for Existence Survival of the Fittest C) List the three parts of Darwin’s theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Natural Selection Struggle for Existence Survival of the Fittest Descent with Modification Change passed to offspring Strongest survive Competition I GOT INTO A FIGHT AND SURVIVED TO HAVE BABIES.

1. Struggle for Existence D) Summarize the meaning of each part of the Natural Selection theory. 1. Struggle for Existence Competition for Food and Living Space

2. Survival of the Fittest D) Summarize the meaning of each part of the Natural Selection theory. 2. Survival of the Fittest Ability to survive and REPRODUCE Fitness = Survival rate

3. Descent with Modification Summarize the meaning of each part of the Natural Selection theory. 3. Descent with Modification Each living species has descended with changes from other species over time

D) Summarize the meaning of each part of the Natural Selection theory. Given the following clues, identify which part of Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection it identifies. 1. The Fastest Leopard 2. A mouse that blends into the environment 3. Limited algae 4. 2 Baby Lambs with white fur 5. 1 tree for 2000 birds 6. Longer neck on tortoises 7. Baby ducks with more feathers 1. Survival of the Fittest 2. Survival of the Fittest 3. Struggle for Existence 4. Descent with modification 5. Struggle for Existence 6. Survival of the Fittest 7. Descent with modification

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection There is variation within a population Some variations are good (helpful) Not all young produced in a generation can survive This leads to a struggle for existence. Survival of the fittest. Those that survive and reproduce are those with the good variations.

Variation and Adaptation B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Variation and Adaptation Variation – differences between individual members of a population Members of a species are very similar, but differences can be observed, making each individual unique. May be caused by mutations

Mutations B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Changes in DNA base sequences Most are either neutral or harmful Those that allow the organism to survive better in an environment are more likely to be passed to future generations.

B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Adaptation An inherited trait that increases the population’s chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment. Allows organisms to fit best into a particular niche (habitat and role)

Biodiversity = Better chance of specie survival B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Biodiversity = Better chance of specie survival The variety and abundance of species that makes up a biological community. Pine Barrens forests have little biodiversity – a limited number of species can survive there. Tropical rain forests have great biodiversity – many species in a concentrated area.

Evolution Observed: Peppered Moths B) Summarize the key concepts behind natural selection Evolution Observed: Peppered Moths Less pollution More pollution Light moths Dark moths Light tree Dark tree Which moths will survive best in light pollution and why?

Evolution from the primordial soup

Understanding Check 1. What part of Darwin’s natural selection represents an organisms ability to survive and reproduce? 2. Which scientists argued that earth is millions of years old? 3. What will give a population of species more of a chance to survive?