Traditions and Encounters

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
PRE-HISTORY PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES.
Advertisements

Unit 1: Early Complex Societies
Hominids, Paleolithic Society, and Neolithic Society
Before History Chapter 1.
1 The Peopling of the World, Prehistory–2500 B.C. Time Line
Traditions and Encounters
Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 1 PowerPoint Presentation Materials For Instructor’s Online.
Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 1 PowerPoint Presentation Materials For Instructor’s Online.
Chapter 1: Before History.
Chapter 1: Before History Mr. Schabo Crestwood High School Rm. 126
Before History Chapter 1. I. The Evolution of Homo Sapiens.
Chapter 1 Before History 1©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. History of the World in 18 min – David Christian.
Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Before History 1.
Human Origins Theory of Evolution Creationism Elaborated in 1859 by Charles Darwin Humans belong to the same species as apes. Archaeologists, Paleontologists,
PRE-HISTORY PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES Adapted from:
PRE-HISTORY PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES.
Mr. Bermudez.  Hominids: use tools, language, complex social structures  Australopithecus: “The southern ape” ◦ AL-288-1codename “Lucy” ◦ Bipedal ◦
1 PowerPoint Presentation Materials For Instructor’s Online Learning Center Traditions and Encounters A Global Perspective on the Past 5th Edition Jerry.
PRE-HISTORY PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES.
The Beginning of History. The Concept of History What does history deal with? When does it begin?
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY.
AP World History Chapter 1 Before History 1. Forming the Complex Society Basic development: – Hunting and foraging – Agriculture – Complex society Key.
EMPIRES AND REPUBLICS Early Complex Societies 3500 – 500 B.C.E.
“Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.” - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist Homo sapiens emerged.
Human Origins World History I Mr. Thielman. What is Prehistory? The period of time before people started writing things down is called Prehistory. Humans.
Human Migration and the Neolithic Revolution. Emergence of Humans Homo sapiens emerged 250, ,000 years ago in East Africa – Walked upright – Used.
PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES
Chapter 1: Before History.
Chapter 1: Before History.
The Neolithic Revolution
Human Migration and the Neolithic Revolution
Traditions & Encounters
Before History Chapter 1.
The Origin of Humans.
Before History Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Before History.
Traditions and Encounters
Traditions and Encounters
The Origin of Humans.
Human Beginnings and Characteristics of Civilizations
Prehistory and the Neolithic Revolution
PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Before History Chapter 1.
Before History.
AP World History Early Humans
Professor Markellos Camden County College
Welcome to World History
PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES
Pre-History and the Neolithic Revolution.
The Origin of Humans.
Pre-History and the Neolithic Revolution.
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Traditions and Encounters
PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES
Chap 1 - Before History How do humans develop?
Traditions & Encounters
Chapter 1 Before History.
PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES
The Origin of Humans.
Traditions and Encounters
Srikalahasti, Chittoor Dist.
Traditions and Encounters
The Origin of Humans.
Hominids, Paleolithic Society, and Neolithic Society
Pre-History and the Neolithic Revolution.
PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC SOCIETIES TO THE RISE OF CITIES
The Origin of Humans.
Traditions and Encounters
Presentation transcript:

Traditions and Encounters PowerPoint Presentation Materials For Instructor’s Online Learning Center Traditions and Encounters A Global Perspective on the Past 5th Edition Jerry H. Bentley Herbert F. Ziegler PowerPoint Presentations Prepared by Henry Abramson ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 Before History ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Forming the Complex Society Basic development: Hunting and foraging Agriculture Complex society Key issue: surplus capital Major development of first complex societies 3500 B.C.E. – 500 B.C.E. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Prehistory What is “history”? Documentation Written records Archaeological discovery Requisite human presence (or “natural” history) ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Development of Hominids Animals adapt themselves to environment Hominids adapt environment to themselves Use of tools Language Complex cooperative social structures ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Australopithecus “The southern ape” – despite name, a hominid Discovery of skeleton AL-288-1, north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Nicknamed “Lucy” 3’5”, 55lb., bipedal, brain 500 cc (modern human: 1400 cc), limited speech but opposable digit ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Later Hominids Homo erectus, “upright walking human” Larger brain capacity (1000 cc), improved tool use, control of fire, ability to communicate complex ideas Homo sapiens, “consciously thinking human” Largest brain, esp. frontal regions Most sophisticated tools and social organization; flexible language Migrations of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Global Migrations of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Natural Environment By 13,000 B.C.E., Homo sapiens in every inhabitable part of the world Archaeological finds: Sophisticated tools Choppers, scrapers, axes, knives, bows, arrows Cave and hut-like dwellings Use of fire, animal skins Hunted several mammal species to extinction Climatic change may have accelerated process ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Paleolithic Era (“Old Stone Age”) Evidence: Archaeological finds Extrapolation from modern hunter-gatherer societies Nomadic existence precludes advanced civilization Division of labor along gender lines ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Relative Social Equality Nomadic culture precludes accumulation of land-based wealth Relatively egalitarian existence More likely determinants of status: age, hunting skill, fertility, personality Possible gender equality related to food production Men: protein from hunting Women: plant gathering ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Big-Game Hunting Evidence of intelligent coordination of hunting expeditions Development of weaponry Animal-skin disguises Stampeding tactics Lighting of fires, etc., to drive game into kill zones Required planning, communication ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Paleolithic Settlements Natufian society Modern Israel and Jordan Wild wheat, herding Jomon society Japan Wild buckwheat, fishing Chinook society Pacific northwest Berries, acorns, salmon runs Groups of 1000 or more ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neandertal Peoples Neander valley, western Germany Flourished in Europe and southwest Asia, 200,000 to 35,000 years ago Also found in Africa, east Asia Evidence of spirituality: ritual burial Inhabited some of the same areas as Homo sapiens ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Creativity of Homo sapiens Constructed flexible languages for communication of complex ideas Increased variety of tools – stone blades, spear throwers, sewing needles, barbed harpoons Fabricated ornamental beads, necklaces and bracelets The bow and arrow – a dramatic improvement in humans’ power over nature “Venus” figurines Cave paintings ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Neolithic Era (“New Stone Age”) Distinction in tool production Chipped vs. polished Relied on cultivation for subsistence Men: herding animals rather than hunting Women: nurturing vegetation rather than foraging Spread of agriculture Slash-and-burn techniques Exhaustion of soil promotes migration Transport of crops from one region to another ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Origins and Early Spread of Agriculture ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Agriculture and Population Growth ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Early Agricultural Society Emergence of villages and towns Discoveries at Çatal Hüyük – a prominent village located in Turkey, occupied 7250-5400 B.C.E. Pots, baskets, textiles, leather, stone, metal tools, wood carvings, carpets, beads, and jewelry Development of crafts – pottery, metallurgy, and textile production ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Social Distinctions Accumulation of landed wealth initiates development of social classes Individuals could trade surplus food for valuable items Archaeological evidence in variety of household decorations, goods buried with deceased members of society at Çatal Hüyük ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neolithic Culture Farmers closely observed the natural world – an early kind of applied science Elements of natural environment essential for functioning Archaeological evidence of religious worship: thousands of clay figurines, drawings on pots, tool decorations, other ritual objects Fertility: Venus figurines ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Origins of Urban Life Craft specialization Social stratification Governance Cultural workers Development of the city – a gradual process ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.