All Actions and Thoughts The Past All Actions and Thoughts By All Individuals In All Times and Places 3. Events observed, remembered and recorded. (Unrecorded actions and thoughts have been lost to history) 2. Events observed and remembered. (Events observed but not remembered have been lost to history) 4. Events for which we have surviving records. (This is the raw material of History) 1. Events observed by someone. (Events not observed have been lost to history) 5. Available,usable, believable records for a given historical account. 6. The Account

Elements of Historical Mindedness Sensitivity to how other times and places differ from our own Awareness of basic continuities in human affairs over time Ability to note and explain significant changes Sensitivity to multiple causation Awareness that all history is a reconstruction that inadequately reflects the past as it really happened

Stages of Historical Consciousness History as fact History as causal sequence History as complexity History as interpretation

All Actions and Thoughts The Past All Actions and Thoughts By All Individuals In All Times and Places 2. Events observed and remembered. (Events observed but not remembered have been lost to history) 3. Events observed, remembered and recorded. (Unrecorded actions and thoughts have been lost to history) 4. Events for which we have surviving records. (This is the raw material of History) 5. Available,usable, believable records for a given historical account. 1. Events observed by someone. (Events not observed have been lost to history) 6. The Account