Competitive Interactions on a Reef

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Presentation transcript:

Competitive Interactions on a Reef

Competition and Recruitment Topics Coral Coral Coral Algae Competition and Recruitment Benthic Cryptofauna Fish and Territory

Clonal Life History recruitment Fission Fission Fission Death

Kinds of Competition between Corals Connell (‘73) Contact and interaction between soft tissues of coral No contact between coral colonies Direct Competition Indirect Competition

Kinds of Competition between Corals Direct Competition 1. Mesenterial Filaments

Kinds of Competition between Corals Direct Competition 2. Sweeper Tentacles

Kinds of Competition between Corals Direct Competition 3. Sweeper Polyps (Goniopora)

Kinds of Competition between Corals Direct Competition 4. Mucous Secretion (Fungia)

Kinds of Competition between Corals Direct Competition 5. Histoincompatibily

Kinds of Competition between Corals Direct Competition 6. Overgrowth

Kinds of Competition between Corals Indirect Competition 1. Overtopping

Mechanisms for Algal Effects on Corals Branching Digitate Tabulate Encrusting Massive Mushroom Microalgae O, C O, C O, C O, C O, C - Filamentous O, C O, C O, C O, C O, C - Foliose O, O, O, O, O, - Crustose O, - - O, O, - Calcareous O, - - - - - Macrophytes S, C S, C S, C S, A S, A - O = OVERGROWTH, C = CHEMICAL, S = SHADING, A = ABRASION

Competition and New Recruits Vermeij, ‘06

Competition and New Recruits Vermeij, ‘06 3 m

Competition and New Recruits Vermeij, ‘06 Available space Time

Competition and New Recruits Vermeij, ‘06 Overgrowth

Competition and New Recruits % Cover Vermeij, ‘06 Time Unoccupied % Cover Coralline algae Macroalgae Sponges Time

Competition and New Recruits Vermeij, ‘06 50 40 30 20 10 % Mortality

Competition and New Recruits Vermeij, ‘06 Greatest contributors to recruit mortality 1. Sponges 2. Bivalves

Competition among Cryptic Metazoa

Competition among Cryptic Metazoa Jackson (‘92) - artificial substrates Free space Colonials % Cover Solitary Time

Competition among Cryptic Metazoa Jackson (‘92) - artificial substrates % suspended cells retained Abundance Sponges Bryozoans Time

Competition among Reef Fish Williams ‘78 3 spot territory Dusky territory Acropora Dusky 3-spot

Competition among Reef Fish Robertson ‘96 Species A B C D E F Aggressive territory holders - defend and eat algae Less aggressive territory holders - wide variety of foods

Competition among Reef Fish Roberston ‘96 Species A B C D E F Populations doubled in size & moved from periphery to centre of reef

Competition among Reef Fish Roberston ‘96 Species A B C D E F - little effect - space allocated randomly

KARST SHORE

KARST SHORE - ZONATION

KARST SHORE - ZONATION EHW MHW MLW ELW White Zone Gray Zone Black Zone Yellow Zone MLW ELW Pink Zone

KARST SHORE - ZONATION WHITE ZONE

KARST SHORE - ZONATION GRAY ZONE

KARST SHORE - ZONATION BLACK ZONE

KARST SHORE - ZONATION YELLOW ZONE