Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Chapter Three Computer Hardware Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3 - Computer Hardware Objectives System Unit and Motherboard Central Processing Unit Memory Input / Output Devices Storage Devices Expansion Cards Chapter 3 - Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Definition Hardware Hardware H/W: The physical components of the computer (touchable), either Electronic or Mechanical parts. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

The System Unit (Case or Chassis) The "system unit" is the name given to the main PC box that houses the various elements that go together to make up the PC. For instance, within the system unit is the computer system's motherboard, which contains all the main components, such as the CPU and Primary memory. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

The System Unit (Case or Chassis) The system unit also houses items such as the hard disk, the floppy disk and CD-ROM and DVD drives etc. One of the important component is the power supply. System units come in two basic forms: The tower version, Desktop version. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

The System Unit (Case or Chassis) Tower Box Desktop Box Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Power Supply Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

The System Board (Motherboard) The main circuit board in the computer. It provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. It contains the following: CPU Primary Storages(RAM and ROM) Buses – metal lines or cables that appear on the motherboard - used to connect the parts on board with each other Expansion Slots(Sockets) Ports Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Motherboard RAM Slots AGP Slot CPU Slot/ Microprocessor Expansion/PCI Slots Pg 15 Descriptions of the components labeled here are on the next slide. Input/Output Slots Chapter 3- Computer Hardware 9 © CCI Learning Solutions Inc. Recognizing Computers – Slide 9

diagram for the Computer's Hardware Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU is the brain of your computer. It is microchip that consists of hundreds of millions of transistors. It performs the following: Mathematical calculations. Logical Operations. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU) It is responsible for executing user instructions that are given in a form of programs and direct commands. Example: operating system (Unix), Application (Spreadsheet). The CPU carries out program instructions in sequence, one at a time. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU) CPU's speed: Number of basic operations executed in one second It determines how fast your computer will run. Its measured in Hertz units. CPU speed is measured in Mega Hertz (MHz) or Giga Hertz (GHz). Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU) To give you some indication of how PCs have advanced over the years, the original IBM PC released in 1981 ran at 4.77 MHz while modern PCs run at speeds above 2.8 GHz or higher! Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Components of CPU Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) contains the electronic circuitry that executes all arithmetic and logical operations. The arithmetic/logic unit can perform four kinds of arithmetic operations, or mathematical calculations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) As its name implies, the arithmetic/logic unit also performs logical operations. Example of logical operations is: a=b, a<b, a>b, a>=b. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Control Unit It carries out the following tasks: Reading and interpreting program instructions. Directing and controlling data flow within the CPU and between the CPU and Primary Memory. Note: The control unit does not execute program instructions; rather, it directs the ALU to do so. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Registers Registers are very high speed, immediate access storage locations where program instructions are decoded and data stored temporarily before and after execution by the ALU. Note: Registers are not part of the Main memory; rather they are special additional storage locations within the CPU. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Examples of CPUs Intel Pentium, Celeron, Xeon AMD Athlon, Opteron IBM Power3 Cyrix 6x86MX   Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Measuring Memory 1 bit=1 binary (0s and 1s) digit  1 byte=8 bit  1 kilobyte=1024 bytes  (210 B) 1 megabyte=1024 kilobytes (220 B) 1 gigabyte=1024 megabytes  (230 B) 1 terabyte=1024 gigabytes (240 B)  In video or tapes, an "exabyte" or "exobyte" is up to about a year straight of recording.  Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Calculating Memory Capacity How many Bytes in 8 GB? 8 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 or 8 * 210 * 210 * 210 = 233 How many KB in 4 GB? 4 * 1024 * 1024 or 4 * 210 * 210 = 222 How many bits in 2 TB? 2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 8 or 21 * 210 * 210 * 210 * 210 * 23 = 244 Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Primary Storage (Main Memory) RAM and ROM RAM (Random Access Memory ) RAM is a volatile memory(when the computer is turned off, all of the data is lost) used by the system to store data for processing by the computer CPU. As a rule, computers with a larger RAM capacity is often faster than a computer with a smaller RAM capacity. Functions of RAM Store data and programs before being processed in the CPU Store results of processing before being transmitted to the output unit Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware ROM Read Only Memory (ROM) a special type of memory chip that holds software(ROM-BIOS) that can be read but not written to. It is a non-volatile memory. ROM-BIOS (Basic Input and Output System) It is the first program that is executed by CPU when the computer turned on. Functions of ROM Booting Searches the OS from storage devices and loads it into RAM Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware ROM Other types of ROM: PROM (Programmable ROM) It can be programmed using PROM programmer. EPROM (Erasable PROM) Data can be erased using ultraviolet light. EEPROM (Electrically EPROM) Data can be erased using electricity only. Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Cache Memory Is a high speed memory that allows the CPU to access data in a very short access time. Used to store frequently used instructions or data. Levels of Cash Memory: L1 on-chip (embedded in the CPU) L2 and L3 are off-chip (resides on motherboard) Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Secondary Storage Hard Disc Drives Flash Memory Memory Cards – SD(Secure Digital) Cards CD (Compact Disc) CD-R CD-RW Can hold up to 700MB Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Secondary Storage (Continue..) DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) Can hold 4.7GB – 17.08 GB BD (Blu-ray Disk) Can hold 25 - 50 GB Blu-ray Disk refers to the “blue-laser” used to read the disk Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Input Devices Keyboard (Wired, Wireless) Mouse Touchpads and Touch Screens Scanners Webcams Joysticks Barcode Readers Finger Print Readers Microphones Digital Cameras Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 3- Computer Hardware Output Devices Monitor CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Plasma(Colour Plasma Display) Printer Laser (Color, Black and White) Inkjet (Color, Black and White) Speakers Projectors Plotters Chapter 3- Computer Hardware

Chapter 2 - Computer Hardware Expansion Cards is an electronic board that can be inserted into the expansion slot of the mother board. Examples: Modem(MODulator/DEModulator) Modulation is the Process of Converting Digital to Analogue Signal) Demodulation is the Process of Converting Analogue to Digital NIC(Network Interface Card)-To connect to a Network Video Cards-built in with motherboard to display images from computer Sound Card—built in with motherboard to produce sound from computer Chapter 2 - Computer Hardware

Chapter 3 - Computer Hardware Summary You should be able to Define the Hardware Differentiate between hardware components Their uses and Limitations Chapter 3 - Computer Hardware