Take out The Origins of the Universe HW. In your Do Now section: AIM: Understand the discoveries of famous astronomers and know the states of a star’s life cycle HW: Famous Astronomers Handout. Bring in your Chemistry Textbooks by MONDAY! Do Now: 4/18/17 Take out The Origins of the Universe HW. In your Do Now section: Create a list of as many stages of human life as you can. Start at what happens before you are an infant and work your way up as you get older.

ON YOUR NOTES HANDOUT: The Human Life Cycle Fertilization Infancy Toddler 9 Child Pre-Teen Adolescence Young Adult Adult Elderly

Origins of the Universe Homework Answers 1.) What is Cosmology? The branch of science that seeks to explain how the universe began. 2.) What has led scientists to theorize about a possible "Big Bang" origin of the universe? The study of matter - how tiny atoms can release tremendous energy. 3.) Describe the Big Bang Theory? The theory the universe began as a single dense point and expanded outward. 4.) How did Eratosthenes estimate the shape of Earth? What important discovery did his work lead to? Comparing shadow lengths in two places during the day. Earth is not flat - it's a sphere.

5.) What is the Renaissance and how did it change our view of the Earth? The view of the Earth centered universe began to change. 6.) Explain the contributions made by Leavitt and Hubble to our understanding of the universe. Leavitt found a method of measuring the distance of certain stars from Earth and that stars change brightness over time (this indicates their age). Hubble came up with the idea that wavelengths of light received on Earth showed that stars and galaxies are moving away from us at a rapid rate. 7.) Which other famous individual helped advance the modern day theory of the universe? Einstein - Theory of Relativity (E=mc2) connecting mass, energy and the speed of light, that gravity could affect light, the universe was vast and expanding.

THE STAR LIFE CYCLE Briefly view this Tim and Moby movie to learn more about the life cycle of stars!! http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/lifecycleofstars/

Notes: The Life Cycle of Stars NEBULA (gas and dust collect) PROTOSTAR (a new star is born) MAIN SEQUENCE (star is burning its energy) THREE FATES OF DYING STARS WHITE DWARF (the fate of our Sun) NEUTRON STAR (From explosion of Supernova) BLACK HOLE (fate of super-large stars)

yellow red supernova white dwarfs orange protostars pulsar

Comparing the Human Life Stages to that of a Star : Fertilization = Nebula Stage Infancy = Protostar Child/Teenager/Adult = Main Sequence Elderly = White Dwarf, Neutron, Black Hole

Famous Astronomers Ptolomy Galileo Copernicus Brahe

Background Information Most Greek astronomers believed that the universe is perfect and unchangeable and that the Earth is stationary in the center of the celestial sphere. If “geo” is the Greek word for Earth, then the Geocentric system is described as Earth at the center of the revolving planets.

Ptolemy In 140 A.D. the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy believed the Geocentric model but thought that the planets moved on little circles that moved on bigger circles. This explained why the planets seem to move at different speeds, and even backwards among the stars. For the next 1400 years people believed that Ptolemy’s ideas were correct.

Copernicus In the early 1500’s a Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus developed another explanation. He thought the sun was at the center of the system of planets. His sun-centered system is called Heliocentric for the word Helio which means sun in Greek.

Galileo In the 1600’s an Italian astronomer, Galileo Galilei made two discoveries with his telescope to support Copernicus’ Heliocentric model. He saw four moons revolving around Jupiter, and discovered that Venus goes through phases similar to those of Earth’s moon.

Brahe In the late 1500’s the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe built an elaborate observatory and made much more accurate observations – further confirming Galileo’s work. During a fencing accident, he lost his nose.

Famous Astronomers Video With an interesting twist or two! Ptolomy Galileo Copernicus Brahe

Hollywood Squares Game Ancient Astronomer Style TIC-TAC-TOE!