Forming A New Nation What issues does the new nation face?

I. Americans Create A Republic A. 1781: all 13 states ratify (approve) the Articles of Confederation 1. The Articles made the US a republic (people elect reps) but each state had more power than federal (US) government Problem: hard to govern the new country since 9 of the 13 states had to agree (laws, taxes, & trade) Constitutional Convention: 55 delegates used Enlightenment ideas to fix the problem by writing a new constitution

Washington will be elected the nation’s first President (1789) B. Two Points of View 1. Federalists= favor strong federal gov with separation of power (Mont.) 2. Anti-federalists= favor strong state govs, with individual rights (Locke & Voltaire) 1787: Washington helps the two groups compromise  they pass a federal Constitution with a Bill of Rights Washington will be elected the nation’s first President (1789)

Enlightenment Philosopher Where ideas are found Locke 1)Declaration of Independence 2) Constitution - “We the People” 3) Constitution – 13th & 14th Amendments Montesquieu 1)Constitution - Articles I, II, III separates power to 3 branches 2) System of checks & balances Rousseau 1)Vote for congress/president 2)Const - 13th & 15th Amendment Voltaire 1) Bill of Rights – 1st Amendment Freedom of speech, religion, etc Beccaria 1)Const. Article III – Judicial Rev. 2) Bill of Rights - legal rights to accused (Amendments 4-8) Wollstonecraft 1) Constitution – 19th Amendment 2) Title IX – Federal Law