Matter and Energy Life Science Mr. Soria

Objectives Describe the process of photosynthesis, and know that it is powered by the sun. Explain food chains, webs and energy pyramid. Explain how matter cycles through an ecosystem. Identify Organic Compounds that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and sulfur. Differentiate Between Physical and Chemical changes during digestion. Recognize that digestion breaks down larger molecules like carbohydrates into simple sugars.

PAY ATTENTION!! What are the objectives!!?

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Reactants- are what go into a chemical reaction. Products-are what come out of a chemical reaction. Catalysts -are what cause a reaction to happen. In Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide and Water (Dihydrogen Monoxide) are the reactants, Sunlight is the Catalyst, Glucose and Oxygen are the products

Equations must be BALANCED!

All is One is All https://youtu.be/dxFWPmrtnvA

Water Cycle It is driven by Convection Currents.

Water Cycle A convection current is formed when heat energy changes the density of a fluid like water or air causing the less dense material to rise and more dense to sink

Carbon Cycle

Carbon Sinks A Carbon Sink is a place that Carbon naturally collects in. Oceans and lakes In the Ground In living organisms especially plants. In the air as Carbon Dioxide Gas GLAW= Ground, Life, Air, Water

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle We need nitrogen to stay alive, its part of our DNA and we use it for other chemical processes we get it from food.

nitrogen N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N2

Nitrogen is an element. What is nitrogen? rare in soil 78% of the earth’s atmosphere major component of DNA colorless, odorless gas

Who discovered nitrogen? discovered in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford removed all O2 and CO2 from air The remaining element could not support life and was not combustible. Who discovered nitrogen? Nicknamed azote, meaning without life

N 7 How many protons? 7 atomic number How many neutrons? 7 atomic mass G - - - N + + + + - + - + + - nitrogen - 14 How many protons? 7 atomic number = How many neutrons? 7 atomic mass How many energy levels? 2 How many electrons? 7

Which properties are used to position nitrogen on the periodic table? 1 1 2 2 7 3 4 5 6 7 Which properties are used to position nitrogen on the periodic table? # of protons = atomic number + # of energy levels

A series of events that repeat, with no beginning or end. nitrogen cycle nitrogen cycle Stop! What is a cycle? Stop! Why is Nitrogen important to us? A series of events that repeat, with no beginning or end. Nitrogen makes up the proteins in our bodies. Discuss

There are 2 kinds of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle. bacteria that “fix” nitrogen bacteria that “unfix” nitrogen

Bacteria that “fix” nitrogen are free living -or- live in nodules on the roots of certain plants called legumes

Where does nitrogen come from? Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere, Energy from lightning during a thunderstorm converts N2 into nitrates, NO3. Nitrifying bacteria live in nodules on the roots of some types of plants. They convert nitrogen from the air into nitrates, NO3. Plants can absorb nitrates through their roots and use the compound to build much needed proteins. Free-living nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia back into nitrates. organisms can not use N2 in its gas state. Denitrifying bacteria are free-living in the soil and can break down nitrates (NO3) back into N2. Nitrogen must be converted -fixed - into useable compounds. N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 Where does nitrogen come from? N2 N2 N2 nitrates nitrates nitrates nitrates N2

Free-living nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia back into nitrates. Decomposers convert the organic nitrogen found in decaying plants and animals into ammonia (NH4). Animal wastes decompose, adding nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH4) back to the soil. N2 N2 N2 N2 waste decomposers ammonia nitrates N2

So, what are the 2 ways nitrogen is fixed from a gas into a solid compound?

Lightning and nitrogen-fixing bacteria “fix” nitrogen  nitrates. Waste Decomposers nitrogen-fixing bacteria nitrogen-fixing bacteria ammonia nitrates nitrates nitrates nitrates nitrates

How do living organisms contribute to the amount of nitrogen returning to the soil?

Animal wastes and decomposition of plants and animals add ammonia, a nitrogen compound (NH4), back to the soil. Animal wastes waste decomposers

Different plant types require different percentages of nitrogen. Nitrogen is the very first chemical listed on the label of every kind of plant fertilizer. How is nitrogen related to life in Plano, Texas? Different plant types require different percentages of nitrogen.

The type of fertilizer applied depends upon the type of plant you want to fertilize. The type of fertilizer applied may also depend upon which part of the plant (roots, stems, leaves) you want to benefit from the fertilizer.

Physical Change Digestion If you change the size shape or texture of an object it is a physical change. During Digestion physical change takes place when we CHEW

Chemical Change Digestion When food passes through the stomach and intestines our body secretes digestive enzymes. Enzymes are chemicals that start and speed up CHEMICAL DIGESTION This breaks down complex molecules into simple ones Carbohydrates(complex sugars) are broken into simple sugars.

https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/carboncycle/ CARBON https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/nitrogencycle/ NITROGEN