Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 406-460 (August 2018) EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis  Paolo Angeli, Mauro Bernardi, Càndid Villanueva, Claire Francoz, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, Jonel Trebicka, Aleksander Krag, Wim Laleman, Pere Gines Paolo Angeli, Mauro Bernardi, Càndid Villanueva, Claire Francoz, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, Jonel Trebicka, Aleksander Krag, Wim Laleman, Pere Gines  Journal of Hepatology  Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 406-460 (August 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024 Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The new theory on the development of complications and organ failure/s in patients with cirrhosis (adapted from Ref. 5). DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; HPS, hepatopulmonary syndrome; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Algorithm for the management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis (adapted from Ref. 168). TIPS, transjugular portosystemic shunts. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Algorithm for the application of qSOFA and Sepsis-3 criteria in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections (adapted form Ref. 271). ICU, intensive care unit. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Recommended empirical antibiotic treatment of SBP or SBE (adapted from Ref. 6). SBE, spontaneous bacterial empyema; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; MDRO, multidrug resistant organism. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Recommended empirical antibiotic treatment of soft tissue infections (adapted from Ref. 6). MDRO, multidrug resistant organism. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Recommended empirical antibiotic treatment of pneumonia (adapted from Ref. 6). MDRO, multidrug resistant organism. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Recommended empirical antibiotic treatment of UTI (adapted from Ref. 6). MDR, multidrug resistant; UTI, urinary tract infection. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Algorithm for the management of AKI in patients with cirrhosis (adapted from Ref. 318). AKI, acute kidney injury; HRS, hepatorenal syndrome; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Criteria based on urinary output for the diagnosis of AKI (adapted from Ref. 310). AKI, acute kidney injury; B.W., body weight. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 The pathophysiology of hepatopulmonary syndrome (adapted from Ref. 498). HPS, hepatopulmonary syndrome. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 The pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. ET, endothelin; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; HO, Heme oxygenase-1; CO, carbon monoxide; CX3CL1, fractalkine; VGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A. Journal of Hepatology 2018 69, 406-460DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024) Copyright © 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions