Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod Jr. and George P. Schell © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

System Users and Developers Chapter 4 System Users and Developers © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell Learning Objectives Know that the organizational content for systems development and use is changing from a physical to a virtual structure. Know who the information specialists are and how they can be integrated into an information services organization. Be alert to new directions that the information services organization may take. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Learning Objectives (Cont’d) Understand what is meant by “end-user computing” and why it came about. Appreciate that users, especially those with an end-user computing capability, are a valuable information resource. Know the benefits and risks of end-user computing. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Learning Objectives (Cont’d) Be aware of the types of knowledge and skill that are important to systems development. Appreciate the value of managing the knowledge held by information specialists and users. Recognize the benefits and risks of the virtual office and the virtual organization. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell Figure 4.1 Information Systems Are Developed to Support Organizational Levels and Areas © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Information Services (IS) Organization Information resources Information specialists System analysts Database administrators Webmasters Network specialists Programmers Operators © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

The Informational Services Organizational Structure Trend from centralized to decentralized structure. Divisional information officer (DIO) Innovative Partner model Platform model Scalable model © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Figure 4.3 A Network Model of Information Services Organization © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Network Model (Cont’d) Visioning network enables the CIO to work with top management in strategic planning for information resources. Innovation network is used by the CIO to interface with business areas so that innovations can be developed. Sourcing network is utilized to interface with vendor for acquiring information resources. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell End-user Computing End-user computing (EUC) is the development by users of all or parts of their information systems. EUC has 4 main influences: The impact of computer education. The information services backlog. Low-cost hardware. Prewritten software. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell Benefits of EUC Match capabilities and challenges. Reduce the communication gap. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell Risks of EUC Poorly targeted systems. Poorly designed and documented systems. Inefficient use of information resources. Loss of data integrity. Loss of security. Loss of control. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell Education Criteria, Knowledge, and Skills Needed for Careers in Information Systems Systems development knowledge Computer literacy Information literacy Business fundamentals Systems theory Systems development process Systems life cycle (SLC) and Systems development life cycle (SDLC) Systems modeling © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Table 4.1 Knowledge Requirements © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Education Criteria, …(Cont’d) Systems development skills Communications skills Analytical ability Creativity Leadership © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Table 4.2 Skill Requirements © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Managing the Knowledge Represented by the Firm’s Information Resources Office automation includes all of the formal and informal electronic systems primarily concerned with the communication of information to and from persons both inside and outside the firm. Shift from clerical to managerial problem solving. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell The Virtual Office Telecommuting describes how employees could electronically “commute” to work. Hoteling is when the firm provides a central facility that can be shared by employees as the need for office space and support arises. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

The Virtual Office (Cont’d) Advantages Reduced facility cost. Reduced equipment cost. Reduced work stoppages. Social contribution. Disadvantages Low morale. Fear of security risks. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

The Virtual Organization Three I Economy is those industries that are most attracted to the concept of the virtual office and the virtual organization and those that add value in the form of information, ideas, and intelligence. © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell The Human Element Most important ingredient in the development and use of information systems. Main players Users Information specialists © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell