-Sorting It All Out -The Six Kingdoms Classification -Sorting It All Out -The Six Kingdoms

What is classification? Classification is the grouping of things according to characteristics The science of classifying organisms is known as taxonomy

Why Classify? Classification: the division of organisms into groups based upon similar characteristics Scientists classify organisms to help make sense and order of the many kinds of living things in the world Approximately 2 million organisms have been identified and named to date Estimates suggest that between 5 and 30 million organisms exist 2/3 of these organisms are insects 99% of all species identified are smaller than a bumblebee!!

How Do Scientists Classify Organisms? Before the 1600s, scientists divided organisms into two groups – plants and animals In the 1700s, a Swedish scientist named Carolus Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy Taxonomy: science of describing, classifying, and naming living things Linnaeus tried to classify all living things based on their shape and structure Described a seven level system of classification KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES “Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Sets”

Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Linnaeus Two-name system Each organism has a genus and a species name First name (genus); second name (species)

Levels of Classification (now use 8 levels with the addition of domain) Domain (Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya) Kingdom (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species “Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Sets?”

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/dms/fapm/personnel/tom_b/2004-lion.jpg

Who developed a system for naming living organisms? Questions Who developed a system for naming living organisms? What is a scientific name of an organism and how is it written?

Eight classification groups of living things Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

What are the eight classification groups? Questions What are the eight classification groups? Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Sets

HW: Read pages 42-46 Complete “Classifying Organisms” worksheet problems 1-10 1st pg and 1-9 2nd page. Due Tues 9/30

Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Sets!

WHY USE SCIENTIFIC NAMES?? Always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be Binomial Nomenclature: Linnaeus’ system of giving each organism a two-part name consisting of a genus and a species name Genus name is ALWAYS capitalized Species name is NEVER capitalized Scientific name is underlined OR italicized! WHY USE SCIENTIFIC NAMES??

Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

Common names can vary Example: ______________ ______________ Image from: http://www4.d25.k12.id.us/ihil/images/Cougar.jpg Example: ______________ ______________ . . . are all names for the same animal mountain lion puma catamount cougar By using a _____________________________, scientists can be sure they are discussing the same organism universally accepted scientific name

Streifenhornchen (______) Tamia (______) Ardilla listada (______) Common names vary Chipmunk ________ (English) Streifenhornchen (______) Tamia (______) Ardilla listada (______) German Italian Spanish Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm

Dichotomous Keys An aid that is used to identify organism and that consists of the answers to a series of questions EXAMPLE: LEAF Dichotomous Key EXAMPLE: Fish Classification Key EXAMPLE: Arachnids and Insects Key

Six Kingdoms of Life Archaebacteria Organisms: Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles, Cell Type: Prokaryotic Metabolism: Depending on species - oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur, sulfide may be needed. Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species - nutrition intake may by absorption, non-photosynthetic photophosphorylation, or chemosynthesis. Reproduction: Asexual reproduction by binary fission, budding, or fragmentation.

Six Kingdoms of Life Eubacteria Organisms: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria(blue-green algae), Actinobacteria Cell Type: Prokaryotic Metabolism: Depending on species - oxygen may be toxic, tolerated, or needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species - nutrition intake may by absorption, photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis. Reproduction: Asexual reproduction

Six Kingdoms of Life Protista Organisms: Amoeba, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, euglena, slime molds Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species - nutrition intake may be by absorption, photosynthesis, or ingestion. Reproduction: Mostly asexual reproduction. Meiosis occurs in some species.

Six Kingdoms of Life Fungi Organisms: Mushrooms, yeast, molds Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Absorption Reproduction: Asexual or sexual reproduction occur.

Six Kingdoms of Life Plantae Organisms: Mosses, angiosperms (flowering plants), gymnosperms, liverworts, ferns Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Photosynthesis Reproduction: Some species reproduce asexually by mitosis. Other species exhibit sexual reproduction.

Six Kingdoms of Life Animalia Organisms: Mammals, amphibians, sponges, insects, worms Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Ingestion Reproduction: Sexual reproduction

HW: Read pages 47-49 Complete “Classifying Organisms” worksheet problems 10-26, 3rd and 4th page Due Tues 9/30