World Civilizations Review Part II: Imperialism—WWII

Imperialism – A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically and socially.

Causes of Imperialism Economic Political Social Resources New Markets Prestige Military bases Social Christianize “Civilize” The British Empire

Imperialism and Empire - Africa 1880 – Most of Africa consisted of independent states.

Forces Enabling African Imperialism European technological superiority (external forces) Steamboats/Trains Maxim Guns Medicine African disunity Huge variety of cultures/languages Fighting among cultures Lack of technology to compete

Key Concepts of Imperialism in Africa Berlin Conference/King Leopold “White Man’s Burden” Boer and Zulu Wars

British in India British East India company controlled much of India using sepoys. Sepoys – Indian soldiers working for the British East India Company India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown.”

Resistance: The Sepoy Mutiny/Great Rebellion

“the great soul in beggars garb” Mohandas Gandhi Called for a policy of noncooperation with the British government Began civil disobedience in India refusing to obey an unjust law without the element of violence Aimed at weakening the British governments authority and economic power

Imperialism in China China distrusted foreigners and tried to remain isolationist. They were unsuccessful. Britain gained spheres of influence in China through smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium War

Key Concepts of Imperialism in China Open-Door Note/Policy Boxer Rebellion Spheres of influence

Imperialism in Japan Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up trade with Japan by threatening military action. Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1830, Japan itself was an imperialist power, taking control of the Pacific. This led to American involvement in WWII.

WWI M.A.I.N.

The “Powder Keg” of Europe The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip

Who’s To Blame?

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

The Armistice is Signed! 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

Meeting at Versailles In January 1919, representatives of 27 victorious Allied nations met in Paris to make a final settlement for World War I. Germans were under the impression that Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” would guide the peace process . . .

1924-1932: A Change in Fortunes Stock Market Crash  Global Depression Unemployment rises rapidly Hyperinflation occurs By 1932, Nazi’s were largest political party in Germany

Origins of Appeasement 1934: Hitler rejected Treaty of Versailles and began rebuilding German military—the global community . . . did not respond. 1936: Hitler’s tanks rolled into the Rhineland—France and England . . . did nothing. March 1938: Hitler’s soldiers were essentially welcomed by the Austrian people—European neighbors “issued strongly worded protests.”

Mainland Europe Falls to the Nazis By June 1940, Germany occupied Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. Between May 26 & June 4, 1940, a force of 900 civilian and naval crafts rushed to evacuate remaining French and British soldiers at Dunkirk

A date which will live in infamy! Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20c

The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War

The Creation of the U. N.