Biochemistry

Carbohydrates Class of organic compounds contains C, H, O monosaccharides C6H12O6 hexoses glucose galactose fructose

One way to represent glucose Aldehyde

Another way to represent glucose When glucose is placed into water it takes on a cyclic structure

Fructose Ketone 2

Polymerization When small subunits are joined into longer compounds When monosaccharides are in cyclic form they can bond together in looooong chains many monosaccharides bonded together = polysaccharide

Polymerization of monosaccharides Cellulose starch chitin

Polymerization Condensation polymerization C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O

Polymerization of carbs disaccharide monosaccharide polysaccharide

Importances Of Carbohydrates Sources of Energy oxidation of glucose Aerobic Cellular respiration ∆H = + or - ? Exothermic / Endothermic? Occurring in the presence of oxygen C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 36 ATP

Impt #2 Fermentation C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 anaerobic respiration Occurs without oxygen Fermentation anaerobic respiration process occurs with yeast 2 ATP C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Lipids a.k.a. Fats Monomers 3 fatty acids 1 glycerol

condensation polymerization HOH condensation polymerization HOH HOH

tightly packed together Made up of saturated hydrocarbon chains tightly packed together Made up of unsaturated branched “flowing” hydrocarbon chains