A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania Cristian Capelli, James F. Wilson,

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A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania Cristian Capelli, James F. Wilson, Martin Richards, Michael P.H. Stumpf, Fiona Gratrix, Stephen Oppenheimer, Peter Underhill, Vincenzo L. Pascali, Tsang-Ming Ko, David B. Goldstein The American Journal of Human Genetics Volume 68, Issue 2, Pages 432-443 (February 2001) DOI: 10.1086/318205 Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Geographic locations of the analyzed populations. Charts represent haplogroup frequencies. No haplogroup A chromosomes were found. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 432-443DOI: (10.1086/318205) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Genealogy showing haplogroup designations and the defining mutations. The coalescence time, in generations, of chromosomes within indicated haplogroups was estimated by inferring the founder haplotype, where possible, as the modal allele at each locus and by using methods described by Thomas et al. (1998), corrected for length dependence (Goldstein et al., in press). The applied mutation rate was 2.8×10−3 (Kayser et al. 2000), which resulted in the following estimates for indicated haplogroups: E, 304 generations; G, 344 generations; H, 179 generations; L, 524 generations; and C, 871 generations. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 432-443DOI: (10.1086/318205) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Genealogical tree of Y chromosome haplotypes in haplogroups C (a) and L (b). Neighbor-joining trees were reconstructed using the program NEIGHBOR (PHYLIP), on the basis of the average squared distance calculated by MICROSAT. Colored bars indicate haplotype geographic association as follows: red indicates Polynesia; green indicates Melanesia; blue indicates Southeast Asia; orange indicates southern China, India, and Mongolia; black indicates Taiwan; and purple indicates Philippines. Shared haplotypes across geographic regions are indicated by multicolored bars. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 432-443DOI: (10.1086/318205) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Graphic representation of the principal-component analysis of haplogroup frequencies The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 432-443DOI: (10.1086/318205) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions