The English Colonies Part 1 APUSH Mrs. Housenick 8/27/12

The 13 Colonies 1. Virginia 4. Maryland 11. Carolina 2. New Hampshire 5. Connecticut 12. Pennsylvania 6. Rhode Island 3. Massachusetts (included Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony and Maine) 13. Georgia 7. Delaware 8. North Carolina 9. New York 10. New Jersey

Colonial Regions New England: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island Middle: Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware Southern: North Carolina, Carolina, Georgia, Maryland, Virginia

Virginia Child of Tobacco

John Rolfe Father of the tobacco industry, helped save the Virginia colony by helping them figure out this cash crop, how to sell it to Europe

Early Colonial Tobacco 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710

Virginia House of Burgesses Set precedent for self-government in American colonies

Maryland: Haven for Catholics Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore Partly for $, partly to provide refuge for fellow Catholics in England Tensions between Catholics who got land on huge estates and backcountry Protestants Was successful due to tobacco economy

Indentured Servitude Came to Maryland and other colonies to work on farms in exchange for wealthy farmer paying their passage to America. Main source of labor until late 1600s when more black slaves brought in.

Act of Toleration Passed because large numbers of Protestants coming into Maryland made Catholics nervous Granted tolerance for all Christians Death penalty for anyone who denied holiness of Jesus Still, provided shelter for Catholics.

The West Indies British started to colonies in mid-1600s as Spanish lost control off area Sugar main cash crop—only wealthy growers could make it Sugar lords imported thousands of slaves to work sugar plantations Passed slave codes to deny rights to slaves and give total control to masters Ex: Barbados Slave Code

Colonizing the Carolinas Created in 1670 when King Charles granted land to wealthy lords Close economic ties to sugar islands of West Indies Slaves started coming into Carolina

Crops of the Carolinas Rice Indigo

North Carolina Est. 1712 as separate royal colony from SC Peopled by poor farmers who came down from VA—discontent, resistant to authority. NC became one of most democratic, independent-minded and least aristocratic colonies. Wars with Indians continued—native population in South destroyed by 1720.

Georgia: The Buffer Colony Founded in 1733-last of 12 colonies Meant to be a buffer to protect Carolinas from Spaniards in Florida and French in Louisiana Also, meant to be a haven for debtors

“The Charity Colony” James Oglethorpe

The Plantation Colonies

Discuss: What did the plantation colonies have in common?

The New England Colonies Religious motivations key, unlike profit motive in Southern Colonies. Protestant Reformation began movement of people discontent with Church of England. Separatists were harassed by king who didn't’t want people to challenge his authority.

Pilgrims at Plymouth Wanted total separation from Church of England Arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 from Mayflower Had signed Mayflower Compact—agreement to form government based on will of majority step towards self-government

The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620

William Bradford

The Growth of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Founded by non-Separatist Puritans Claimed didn’t want to start new church, just purify existing church Large population Started with 1000 immigrants, during Great Migration of 1630s, got 20,000 more

We shall be as a city on a hill.. John Winthrop We shall be as a city on a hill..

Life in Massachusetts Bay Colony Only male church members could vote Religious leaders had much control Non-Protestants and other rebels persecuted Anne Hutchinson kicked out of Bay Colony for being heresy Challenged idea that the “saved” needed to follow laws of Church Went into exile in New York, killed by Indians

The Rhode Island “Sewer” Founded by Roger Williams in 1636 Also kicked out of Bay Colony Challenged Bay Colony’s treatment of Indians and government’s right to require church attendance Most liberal of all colonies Total religious toleration for ALL At first, all men could vote (later property requirement) Became haven for rebels, free thinkers who couldn’t make it in Massachusetts Bay Colony

Connecticut and New Hampshire Connecticut founded in 1639 by Puritans Governed by Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—first modern constitution in colonies, gave citizens much control New Hampshire—royal colony, made money from trading and fishing

Discuss: What did the New England colonies have in common?

Dutch Settlements in America In 1600s, Dutch golden age—much exploration and colonizing Sent Henry Hudson to explore New World—found Hudson River in New York Established New Netherland with main city of New Amsterdam to help the Dutch West India Company’s fur trade Problems with leadership and shareholders and conflicts with Indians, British and Swedes

The British Get New York New Netherlands never main concern for Dutch and by 1664, ½ of people living there were British English saw Dutch as intruders and sent squadron to shores of New Amsterdam Dutch didn’t put up a fight English renamed settlement New York and now controlled East Coast from Maine to Carolinas Still, remnants of Dutch remained—stayed aristocratic, Dutch names, architecture, customs

Penn’s Holy Experiment Quakers arose in England in mid-1600s—religious dissenters Believed all people equal under God, against oaths, and all wars William Penn became Quaker at 16, looked to New World as haven for Quakers King gave land grant to PennPennsylvania Best advertised colony, liberal land policy attracted many immigrants

Quaker Pennsylvania Fair treatment of Native Americans good relationship at first Changed as more non-Quakers came in Liberal government—representative assembly, no state-supported church, freedom of worship for all (but Catholics and Jews couldn’t vote or hold office No military defense and among first to stand up against slavery

Other Middle Colonies New Jersey—also Quaker settlement Delaware—closely associated with Pennsylvania and Quakers

Discuss: What were some similarities of the Middle Colonies?