Implementation of the IPPCD – Data on ELV and BAT DG ENV, Brussel, 7 December 2010

Outline Introduction Large combustion plants General information Emission sources to air Emission sources to water Chlor-alkali manufacturing General considerations

Introduction Focus on two IPPC activities: “Provide available representative data on the limit values and environmental performance laid down by a specific category of activities […] and, if apropriate, the best available techniques from which those values are derived. Describe how these data have been chosen and collected.” “[…] The reported data (on emission limit values and environmental performance) will be assessed to compare, as far as possible, the limit values set and the performance achieved. A comparison could then be done with the BAT-associated emission levels in BREFs.” Focus on two IPPC activities: Large combustion plants (LCP) Chlor-alkali manufacturing

Introduction - LCP Scope of report Selection of installations: Combustion activity Producing electricity (including CHP) Using solid or liquid fuels Selection of installations: Maximum of 6 installations per MS Selection based on the emission inventories 3 capacity classes: 50 – 100 MWth 100 – 300 MWth two top NOx emitters per class > 300 MWth Emissions To air To water  from waste gas treatment

Large Combustion Plants 113 installations reported Only 7 new installations Covers 25 Member States 203 combustion plants/emission sources to air reported

160 selected emission sources for further analysis >300 MWth 100 – 300 MWth 50 – 100 MWth Grand Total Fuel Existing Changed Total New biomass 4 1 5 7 12 biomass+liquid+gas biomass+other 2 biomass+peat coal/lignite 59 13 72 20 22 9 103 coal/lignite+biomass 3 8 coal/lignite+biomass +gas coal/lignite+biomass +liquid coal/lignite+biomass +liquid+other coal/lignite+biomass +other coal/lignite+gas gas 10 16 liquid 21 37 liquid+gas liquid+other not specified 100 17 117 45 6 51 24 35 203 160 selected emission sources for further analysis  covers 24 Member States

Large Combustion Plants 61% with capacity > 300 MWth 64% burning coal/lignite 160 emission sources to air Only 8% burning biomass 79 plants use CHP

Large Combustion Plants – ELVs vs. BAT AELs Averaging period: BAT AEL Only ± 20% of reported ELVs DAV  All ELVs included Reference oxygen content  recalculated when different

Large Combustion Plants – ELVs vs. BAT AELs ELVs reported for 50% of the emission sources BAT AELs not as clearly defined as for other pollutants Comparison with values mentioned: similar result as for other pollutants etc. Mercury ELVs reported for 19% of the emission sources 9 Member States reported ELVs No BAT AELs mentioned in BREF for comparison

Large Combustion Plants – Actual emissions Reference year for emissions: 2006, 2007 or 2008 Expressed as average of all measured values Reference oxygen content  recalculated when different Compared to  ELVs (when reported)  BAT AELs from the BREF LCP

Large Combustion Plants – BAT End-of-pipe SO2 NOx End-of-pipe Primary Primary Dust

Large Combustion Plants 57% with capacity > 300 MWth Waste water 70 emission sources with from flue gas cleaning coal/lignite, liquid, biomass 91 emission sources to water BAT AEL ~ emission levels associated with BAT FGD (DAV) Averaging periods

Nitrogen compounds (mg/L) SS (mg/L) Main fuel Min of ELV Max of upper BAT AEL Number of ELV ≤ BAT AEL reported ELVs Number of ES with emission ≤ ELV emission ≤ BATAEL Number of ES with reported emissions biomass 200 500 30 2 coal/lignite 10 80 6 24 11 8 coal/lignite+biomass 20 60 1 liquid 100 16 Grand Total 9 44 22 14 COD (mg/L) Main fuel Min of ELV Max of Upper BAT AEL Number of ELV ≤ BAT AEL reported ELVs Number of ES with emission ≤ ELV emission ≤ BATAEL Number of ES with reported emissions biomass 500 150 1 coal/lignite 20 12 14 8 10 coal/lignite+biomass liquid 75 5 2 4 Grand Total 17 Nitrogen compounds (mg/L) Main fuel Min of ELV Max of BAT AEL Number of ELV ≤ BAT AEL reported ELVs Number of ES with emission ≤ ELV emission ≤ BATAEL Number of ES with reported emissions biomass 1 50 2 coal/lignite 55 9 10 3 5 coal/lignite+biomass liquid 8 Grand Total 22 23 4 6 13 Sulphate (mg/L) Main fuel Min of ELV Max of BAT AEL Number of ELV ≤ BAT AEL reported ELVs Number of ES with emission ≤ ELV emission ≤ BATAEL Number of ES with reported emissions biomass 1000 2000 1 coal/lignite 250 13 8 11 coal/lignite+biomass liquid 2500 2 Grand Total 15 17 9 12

Large combustion plants - BAT Emission prevention and abatement techniques Reported for 24 plants

Introduction – Chlor-alkali Scope of report Chlor-alkali manufacturing installations Different production processes, i.e. Diaphragm cell process Asbestos diaphragm cell process Selection of installations Maximum of 10 installations per MS Priority to installations using Mercury cell process Emissions To air To water Membrane cell process Mercury cell process

Chlor-alkali manufacturing 61 installations reported  77 chlor-alkali production units Only 2 new installations Covers 18 member states 103 emission sources to air 65 emission sources to water

Chlor-alkali manufacturing Asbestos diaphragm or mercury cell process 63% will convert to membrane cell process Closure is reported for 16% of the production units 21% of the units reported ‘other’ 64% of total capacity (55% of production units) converts by 2019-2020 An earlier conversion was reported for 19 installations 24 installations already closed mercury cell productions Conversion or closure?

Chlor-alkali manufacturing – Emission to air Chlorine ELVs Asbestos diaphragm cell process Diaphragm cell process Membrane cell process Mercury cell process ELV (mg/Nm³) Number 1 2 5 0,1 10 6 15 11 1,5 3 4 20 Total 26 28 Chlorine actual emissions mg/Nm³ Min Max Average Number of reported emission values Asbestos diaphragm cell process 1 2 Diaphragm cell process 0,95 Membrane cell process 0,012 0,389 6 Mercury cell process 0,26 2,704 0,813 9 Total 18

Chlor-alkali manufacturing – Emissions to air Mercury ELVs ELV in mg/Nm3 Number ELV in g/ton Membrane cell process 0,035 1 ELV ≤ 1,5 0,2 3 1,5 2 2,0 4,1 ELV > 2,0 Mercury cell process 0,002 ELV ≤ 0,5 0,003 0,5 <ELV ≤ 1,0 23 0,05 8 1,0 < ELV ≤ 1,5 0,1 1,5 < ELV ≤ 2,0 4 2,0 < ELV ≤ 3,0 ELV > 3,0 Mercury emissions Min Max Average Number Membrane cell process mg/Nm3 0,0064 0,057 0,0192 5 g/ton 0,0090 0,6900 0,3495 2 Mercury cell process 0,0003 0,100 0,0334 9 0,0004 0,6180 0,2542 19

Chlor-alkali manufacturing - Emissions to water Mercury ELVs ELV in mg/l Number Diaphragm cell process 0,05 1 Membrane cell process 0,001 0,002 0,003 0,005 3 0,01 Mercury cell process 0,0005 0,007 0,03 0,04 0,1 2 0,2 0,5 0,6 Total 28 Mercury emissions mg/l Min Max Average Number Membrane cell process 0,0001 0,0030 0,0010 7 Mercury cell process 0,1590 0,0251 11 Total 19

Chlor-alkali manufacturing - Emissions to water Chlorate ELVs ELV in mg/l Number Asbestos diaphragm cell process 0,1 1 Membrane cell process 0,04 0,2 6 0,5 2,5 Mercury cell process 1,5 5 Total 15 Chlorate emissions mg/l Min Max Average Number Asbestos diaphragm cell process 1,0000 1 Membrane cell process 0,0300 0,0330 0,0315 2 Mercury cell process 0,0100 0,1060 0,0580 Total 5

Chlor-alkali manufacturing - Emissions to water AOX ELVs ELV in mg/l Number Asbestos diaphragm cell process 0,5 1 Membrane cell process 0,3 2 5 30 Mercury cell process 0,05 3 3,5 Total 13 AOX emissions mg/l Min Max Average Number Asbestos diaphragm cell process 1,280 1 Membrane cell process 0,010 0,850 0,309 5 Mercury cell process 0,228 1,510 0,946 3 Total 9

General considerations Confusion about different concepts Installation Combustion plant Emission source Averaging periods LCP emission sources to water related to flue gas cleaning?