Environment: The Science behind the Stories Lecture Outlines Chapter 1 Environment: The Science behind the Stories 4th Edition Withgott/Brennan

Notes HW Write each slide number & title on the left side of the paper Summarize provided information on the right side of the paper. If there are slides with Objectives or “this lecture will help you understand” you do NOT need to write these. Define any words or answer any questions or fill in the blanks when something appears in red. Sometimes it is a question linked to a website you should view Sometime there are comments written in purple. You do not need to write these. They are just my personal commentary  Be prepared to discuss 8 questions at the end.

1. Our island: Earth Earth may seem enormous But it and its systems are finite and limited We can change the Earth and damage its systems Environment?

2. Humans are part of nature Humans depend on a healthy, functioning planet We depend completely on the environment for survival Increased health, longer lives, wealth, mobility, leisure But natural systems have been degraded by pollution, soil erosion, species extinction, etc. Environmental changes threaten long-term health and survival

3. Environmental science Global conditions are rapidly changing We are also rapidly gaining knowledge The opportunity to solve problems is still available

4. We rely on natural resources Renewable natural resources? List 5 examples Nonrenewable natural resources? List 5 examples

5. We rely on ecosystem services Ecosystem services? List 10 examples We degrade ecosystem services By depleting resources, destroying habitat, generating pollution Increased human affluence has intensified degradation

6. Human population growth amplifies impacts There are over 7 billion humans Agricultural revolution Crops, livestock Stable food supplies Industrial revolution Urbanized society powered by fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) Sanitation and medicines Pesticides and fertilizers

7. Resource consumption exerts pressures Exploitation and consumption of resources is also a problem Explain tragedy of the commons and give 3 examples?

8. Our “ecological footprint” Affluence? Ecological footprint? Do developing or developed countries have a larger ecological footprint? Overshoot? If everyone consumed the amount of resources the U.S. does, we would need 4.5 Earths!

9. Environmental science is not environmentalism Explain the difference between Environmental science and Environmentalism?

10. The nature of science Science? Civilization depends on science and technology Science is essential to sort fact from fiction Develop solutions to the problems we face It must be accessible and understandable to the public

11. The scientific method List the steps of the scientific method? Hypothesis? Null hypothesis? What’s our excuse?

12. Experiments test the validity of a hypothesis Variable? Independent variable? Dependent variable? Extraneous variable? Controlled experiment? Control? Explain the difference between Quantitative data and Qualitative data?

13. Theories and paradigm shifts Theory? 3 Examples Paradigm shift? 2 examples Which came first the chicken or the egg?

The egg since reptiles hatched from eggs before chickens evolved 

14. Sustainability and the future of our world Natural capital?

15. We face challenges in biodiversity Sustainable development?

16. Will we develop in a sustainable way? Explain the triple bottom line?

17. Conclusion Environmental science helps us understand our relationship with the environment Identifying a problem is the first step in solving it Solving environmental problems can move us towards health, longevity, peace and prosperity

CH1-A In your own words define tragedy of the commons and give 3 examples In your own words define paradigm shift and give 3 examples What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources? Give 3 examples of each. How do you distinguish between independent, dependent, extraneous, and controlled variables?

CH 1-B In your own words define ecological footprint. In your own words define biodiversity and explain why it is important. Give 3 examples of the importance of biodiversity. What is meant by triple bottom line?

QUESTION: Review Which of the following is correct about the term “environmentalism”? It is very science-oriented. It is a social movement to protect the environment. It usually does not include advocacy for the environment. It involves scientists trying to solve environmental problems.

QUESTION: Review Which of the following is correct about the term “environmentalism”? It is very science-oriented. It is a social movement to protect the environment. It usually does not include advocacy for the environment. It involves scientists trying to solve environmental problems. 24

QUESTION: Review Adding various amounts of fertilizer to plants in a laboratory is a _____ type of experiment. Correlative Natural Manipulative Rare

QUESTION: Review Adding various amounts of fertilizer to plants in a laboratory is a _____ type of experiment. Correlative Natural Manipulative Rare 26

QUESTION: Review What is the definition of “sustainable development”? Using resources to benefit future generations, even if it means lower availability now. Letting future generations figure out their own problems. Using resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability. Letting each country decide how to use their resources to best meet their unique, immediate needs.

QUESTION: Review What is the definition of “sustainable development”? Using resources to benefit future generations, even if it means lower availability now. Letting future generations figure out their own problems. Using resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability. Letting each country decide how to use their resources to best meet their unique, immediate needs. 28

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data According to this graph, what has happened to the population over the last 500 years? a) It has grown exponentially. b) It has grown linearly. c) It has decreased. d) It has stopped growing.

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data According to this graph, what has happened to the population over the last 500 years? a) It has grown exponentially. b) It has grown linearly. c) It has decreased. d) It has stopped growing. 30

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data What happens if test results reject a hypothesis? The scientist formulates a new hypothesis. It shows the test failed. The hypothesis was supported. The predictions may not have reflected the hypothesis.

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data What happens if test results reject a hypothesis? The scientist formulates a new hypothesis. It shows the test failed. The hypothesis was supported. The predictions may not have reflected the hypothesis. 32

What is globalization? The ability to travel worldwide A new term for mass immigration Worldwide integration of social, economic, and environmental change A satellite communications system The destruction of inhabited areas

What is globalization? The ability to travel worldwide A new term for mass immigration Worldwide integration of social, economic, and environmental change A satellite communications system The destruction of inhabited areas

Natural capital includes all of the following except Sunlight Air Water Soil Nutrients

Natural capital includes all of the following except Sunlight Air Water Soil Nutrients