Chapter 3 What are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns?

TODAY’S MENU I. Functions of Cultural Values II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions III. Additional Value Orientations Individual Socialization Development Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables

Value ? Principles or standards of behaviour; one's judgement of what is important in life. Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. Values have major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/values.html Principles or standards of behaviour; one's judgement of what is important in life. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/value

I. Functions of Cultural Values Analyzing Cultural Values Identity Meaning Function Explanatory Function Motivational Function Ingroup–Outgroup Evaluative Function Link to the video “Best Buy -Different Cultures, Same Values” on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v62OykZJurQ Click here to watch how Best Buy demonstrates how it takes its cultural values and uses them throughout the different countries in which it operates.

II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions IDENTITY: INDIVIDUALISM COLLECTIVISM POWER Small power distance Large power distance UNCERTAINTY Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Strong Uncertainty SEX ROLES Feminisme Masculinisme

Individualistic Cultures Collectivistic Cultures II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Individualism–Collectivism Value Pattern Individualistic Cultures Collectivistic Cultures “I” Identity Nuclear family Privacy regulation Individual competition Personal competence Direct comm. patterns Independent self “We” Identity Extended family Relational harmony Teamwork Ingroup emphasis Indirect comm. patterns Interdependent self

II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Small–Large Power Distance Value Pattern Small Power Distance Large Power Distance Emphasize interpersonal equality Children may contradict parents Younger people are smart Teachers ask for feedback Subordinates expect consultation Informal comm. patterns Horizontal self Emphasize status based difference Children should obey parents Older people are wise Teachers lecture Subordinates expect guidance Formal comm. patterns Vertical self

II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Weak-Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value Pattern Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is valued Family is dynamic and changing High mobility in relationships Challenges are welcome Encourage risk-taking Conflict can be positive High tolerance for ambiguity Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is a threat Reinforce family rules Low mobility in relationships Routines are welcome Encourage clear procedure Conflict is negative Low tolerance for ambiguity

II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Feminine-Masculine Value Pattern Feminine Cultures Flexible sex roles Emphasize nurturance Both genders take initiative Social adjustment is critical Work in order to live Fluid gender communication Overlapped gender roles Masculine Cultures Complementary sex roles Emphasize achievement Males take initiative Academic performance is critical Live in order to work “Masculine” toughness vs. “feminine” softness Clear masculine/feminine gender roles

II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Media Activities My Big Fat Greek Wedding film clip: Connect with the different value dimensions Japanese Snowboarder: Values During the 2008 Winter Olympics a Japanese snowboarder received a large backlash from his home country after wearing his country’s uniform “inappropriately.” Click here to watch video. The Last Samurai film clip: Click here to watch this clip about Feminine/ Masculine Cultures Japanese Snowboarder CNN Video available here http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/sports/2010/02/18/lah.japan.snowboarder.cnn#/video/sports/2010/02/18/lah.japan.snowboarder.cnn Last Samurai clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u_37_C5-aM&feature=related

II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Self-Assessment Discussion Four-Dimensional Values Inventory (DVI) What Factors Shape Your Values’ Development? Increase Your Self-Awareness of Value Dimensions on Multiple Levels: Cultural/Ethnic, Workplace, Family, and Personal Self. Dyadic Discussion: Increase Your Awareness of Differences and Similarities between SELF and OTHER. . .

IV. Individual Socialization Development A. Independent versus Interdependent Self-Construal B. Horizontal versus Vertical Self-Construal C. Internal versus External Locus of Control

V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables Observe verbal and nonverbal signals attentively. O Describe specific behaviors with a minimum of distortion. D Generate multiple interpretations of the unfamiliar behaviors. I Suspend ethnocentric evaluation, perform open-ended evaluation. S

Values Exploration Exercise “PARABLE” Application Exercise Individual Decision Ranking Group Discussion Group Decision Consensus Ranking In-Class Writing Assignment