The Properties of Matter Lessons 1-3

Question… What do we have in common with a toaster, bowl of hot soup and a glowing neon sign?

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space

Volume The amount of space taken up or occupied by an object

Measuring Liquid Volume Graduated cylinder mL Meniscus: curve at a liquid’s surface to measure volume

Meniscus

Volume of Solid Volume = length x width x height

Volume of Irregular Solid How much does the object displace?

Mass vs. Weight Measure of the amount of matter in an object Used with a balance Expressed in Grams (g), kilograms (kg) Measure of the gravitational force of an object, value can change depending on the location of the universe Used with a spring scale Measured in Newtons (N)

Physical Properties property of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance, no chemical change

Examples of Physical Properties Color, Shape, Odor, Texture, Hardness, Elasticity, Malleability, Solubility, Tensile Strength, Brittleness, Density, Thermal Conductivity, State of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Cohesion, Adhesion, Surface Tension, Magnetism

Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance Example: Flavored drink mix

Malleability The ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets Example: aluminum foil

Cohesion Attraction between particles of the same substance Examples: Water droplets on desk Water drops on a penny

Adhesion Attraction between particles of different substances Examples: Pour water out of beaker Petri sticks to window String and water

Surface Tension Tendency of a liquid to form a skin at the surface (caused by cohesion) Example: Steel paper clip on water

Density The ratio of mass of a substance to the volume of the substance Density = mass/volume D = m/V

Magic Triangle

Sample Problem What is the density of an object whose mass is 25 g and whose volume is 10 cm3 ?

Sample Problem 2 A block of pine wood has a mass of 120 g and a volume of 300cm3 . What is the density of the wood? Will this block of wood float in a pool of water? Why or why not?

Physical Change Change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties Examples: ice cube to water, melted butter

Questions to Ask Yourself Is it still __________? Does it have the same properties? Can it be easily reversed?

Chemical Properties Property of matter that describes a substances ability to participate in chemical reactions Example: Wood burned creates smoke and ashes

Chemical Properties Flammability: ability of a substance to burn Reactivity: ability of two or more substances to combine to form one or more new substances

Physical vs. Chemical Flammability: Rubbing alcohol burns easily State: Rubbing Alcohol is a clear liquid at room temperature Flammability: Rubbing alcohol burns easily

Physical vs. Chemical Shape: bending an iron nail Reactivity with Oxygen: iron oxide or rust forms

Chemical Change Change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties

Signs of Chemical Change Change in color or odor Production of heat Fizzing, foaming, bubbling (Effervescent) Sound or light given off

Reversal of Changes Physical: many are easily reversed (melting ice cube) Chemical: not easily reversed (fireworks exploding)

Law of Conservation of Mass Matter is not created or destroyed but is transformed into other substances