Improved stent characteristics for prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis  Abdullah Rashdan, Evan L. Fogel, Lee McHenry, Stuart Sherman, M’Hamed Temkit, Glen A. Lehman  Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 322-329 (April 2004) DOI: 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X

Figure 1 (A) Polyethylene duodenal pigtail pancreatic stents (Wilson-Cook): 3F stent (top), 4F stent (middle), and 5F stent (bottom). (B) Three-quarter duodenal pigtail stents, 3F stent (top), and 4F stent, internal flange removed (bottom). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 322-329DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X)

Figure 2 (A) Baseline normal pancreatogram. A prophylactic 3F 10-cm pancreatic stent was placed. (B) Pancreatogram performed 9 months later for recurrent symptoms showing grade I narrowing in the stented zone (arrow, <20% luminal narrowing). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 322-329DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X)

Figure 3 (A) Baseline normal pancreatogram. A prophylactic 4F 8-cm pancreatic stent was placed. (B) Pancreatogram performed 4 months later for persistent symptoms showing grade II narrowing in the stented zone (arrow, 20%–50% luminal narrowing). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 322-329DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X)

Figure 4 (A) Baseline normal pancreatogram. A prophylactic 3F 10-cm pancreatic stent was placed. (B) Pancreatogram at stent removal showing grade III narrowing in the stented zone (arrow, >50% luminal narrowing). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 322-329DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X)

Figure 5 (A) Baseline normal pancreatogram. A prophylactic 4F 8-cm pancreatic stent was placed. (B) Pancreatogram at stent removal showing grade I narrowing in the stented zone (arrow <20% luminal narrowing). (C) Resolution of the stent-induced changes seen on a pancreatogram performed 8 months later (arrow, no residual narrowing present). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 322-329DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X)

Figure 6 Spontaneous pancreatic polyethylene stents dislodgment rates of various diameters (a vs. b, c, or d: P < 0.0001). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 322-329DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X)

Figure 7 Polyethylene stent-induced pancreatic ductal changes. Data on 5F stent from Smith et al.2 Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 322-329DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00062-X)